. Railroad construction : theory and practice : a textbook for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . Plant system. Tile pipe is muchcheaper than iron pipe, but is made in much shorter lengths andrequires much more work in laying and especially to obtain auniform grade. BOX CULVERTS. 188. Wooden box culverts. This form serves the purposeof a cheap temporan^ construction which allows the use of aballasted roadbed. As in all temporary constructions, the areashould be made considerably larger than the calculated area§§ 179-182), not only for safety but also in order that, if thes
. Railroad construction : theory and practice : a textbook for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . Plant system. Tile pipe is muchcheaper than iron pipe, but is made in much shorter lengths andrequires much more work in laying and especially to obtain auniform grade. BOX CULVERTS. 188. Wooden box culverts. This form serves the purposeof a cheap temporan^ construction which allows the use of aballasted roadbed. As in all temporary constructions, the areashould be made considerably larger than the calculated area§§ 179-182), not only for safety but also in order that, if thesmaller area is demonstrated to be sufficiently large, the per-manent construction (probably pipe) may be placed inside with-out disturbing the embankment. All designs agree in usingheavy timbers (12Xl2, 10Xl2, or 8Xl20 for the sidewalls, cross-timbers for the roof, every fifth or sixth timberbeing notched down so as to take up the thrust of the side walls,and planks for the flooring. Fig. 99 shows some of the standarddesigns as us^d by the C, M & St. P. Ry. C10TE:-F0R 6 COVERING^ EVERY SIXTH STICK 8
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