. How to know wild fruits; a guide to plants when not in flower by means of fruit and leaf. k, Michigan, andCalifornia. It is a native also of Europe andAsia. It is a much-branched shrub, low, denselyleafy, and grows in thick beds. BLACK OR DARK PURPLE 208 INKBERRY. EVERGREEN WINTER BERRYIlex glabra Holly Family Fruit. — The berrylike black drupe is about aquarter of an inch in diameter. It is usuallysolitary in the leaf axils, with the calyx at thebase and the mark of the stigma at the six seedlets are smooth. Leaves. — The leathery evergreen leaves arewedge-lanceolate or oblong. T
. How to know wild fruits; a guide to plants when not in flower by means of fruit and leaf. k, Michigan, andCalifornia. It is a native also of Europe andAsia. It is a much-branched shrub, low, denselyleafy, and grows in thick beds. BLACK OR DARK PURPLE 208 INKBERRY. EVERGREEN WINTER BERRYIlex glabra Holly Family Fruit. — The berrylike black drupe is about aquarter of an inch in diameter. It is usuallysolitary in the leaf axils, with the calyx at thebase and the mark of the stigma at the six seedlets are smooth. Leaves. — The leathery evergreen leaves arewedge-lanceolate or oblong. The apex is obtuseor acute and sometimes few-toothed. The re-mainder of the margin is entire. The uppersurface is dark green and shining and the lowerone paler and dotted with black. Flowers. — The small dioecious or perfectflowers grow in the leaf axils. They are borneon slender stems. June. This slender evergreen shrub is from two tosix feet high. It has long been cultivated inEngland, but with us occurs mainly in a wildstate. It grows near the coast from Nova Scotiato Inkberry {Ilex glabra)204 BLACK OR DARK PURPLE 205 BUCKTHORNRhamnus cathartica Buckthorn Family Fruit.— The berrylike drupes grow in are globose, somewhat flattened, black, andshining. The pulp and juice of the fruits are apeculiar green. The three or four inclosed nut-lets are grooved. The drupes are bitter andnauseating. August. Leaves. — The leaves are broadly ovate withprominent, sometimes hairy, veins, are finely toothed. Floioers. — The small greenish flowers aredioecious. They appear a little later than theleaves. May, June. This is a shrub or small tree ten or fifteenfeet high. The lower branches, while leafy, areshort and stiff and end in sharp points, reallyserving the purposes of thorns. The berries were formerly used in medicinesas a purgative, but are so severe *in their actionthat their use in this direction is now confinedto veterinary practice. A
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