. Quain's elements of anatomy . andby the ensiform process—the diaphragm, of course, being interposed. Thesituation of the liver is modified by the position of the body, and alsoby the movements of respiration ; thus, in the upright or sitting-posture, it descends to just below the lateral margin of the thorax ; butin the recumbent position ascends an inch or an inch and a half higherup, and is entirely covered by the ribs, except a small portion oppo-site the subcostal angle. During a deep inspiration, the liver alsodescends below the ribs even in the recumbent posture, and in expiration,reti
. Quain's elements of anatomy . andby the ensiform process—the diaphragm, of course, being interposed. Thesituation of the liver is modified by the position of the body, and alsoby the movements of respiration ; thus, in the upright or sitting-posture, it descends to just below the lateral margin of the thorax ; butin the recumbent position ascends an inch or an inch and a half higherup, and is entirely covered by the ribs, except a small portion oppo-site the subcostal angle. During a deep inspiration, the liver alsodescends below the ribs even in the recumbent posture, and in expiration,retires upwards behind them. In females it is often permanently forceddownwards below the costal cartilages, owing to the use of tight stays ;sometimes it reaches nearly as low as the crest of the ilium ; and, inmany such cases, its convex surface is indented from the pressure of theribs. Vessels and Nerves.—The two vessels by which the liver is suppliedwith blood are the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The hepatic Fia Fig. 540.—Sketch of a portion of the xtnuee stteface of the liver, SHowiNa the ARRANGEMENT OF THE AESSELS IN THE PORTAL FISSURE. (G. D. Thane). a, hepatic artery; p, portal vein ; d, bile duct; , gall-bladder; p^, p^, as in fig. 539- artery (fig. 540, a), a branch of the coeliac axis, is small in comparisonwith the organ to which it is distributed. It enters the transversefissure, and there divides into a right and left branch, for the two prin-cipal lobes. By far the greater part of the blood which passes through the liver,—and in this respect it differs from all other organs of the human body,—is conveyed to it by a large vein, the portal vein or vena portae(fig. 540, j)). This vein is formed by the imion of the veins of thestomach, intestines, pancreas and spleen. It enters the transverse fissure,or jmia hepatis, and, like the hepatic artery, there divides into twoprincipal branches. EXCRETORY APPARATUS OF THE LIYEE. 625 The hepatic arter
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