. Deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems - a scoping report on their socio-economy, management and governance. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 28. Human activities and impacts on the deep sea better alternatives to fossil fuels (Schubert ef at., 20061. Future Past disposal of wastes in the deep sea is certainly no argument for future environmentally harmful ocean dis- posals, but hazardous chemicals and radioactive elements continue to make their way to the ocean depths. As for carbon storage, before large quantities of CO2 are injected in the deep sea or beneath the deep sea floor, many factors m
. Deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems - a scoping report on their socio-economy, management and governance. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 28. Human activities and impacts on the deep sea better alternatives to fossil fuels (Schubert ef at., 20061. Future Past disposal of wastes in the deep sea is certainly no argument for future environmentally harmful ocean dis- posals, but hazardous chemicals and radioactive elements continue to make their way to the ocean depths. As for carbon storage, before large quantities of CO2 are injected in the deep sea or beneath the deep sea floor, many factors must be studied in greater detail. While the oceans naturally absorb large quantities of CO2. the same is not true for other more potent greenhouse gases. Although parties to the London Convention approved storage of CO2 in geological formations under the ocean floor and seabed, the economic and environmental soundness of such a scheme over the long term must still be demonstrated. In any case, even if technically and economically feasible, these methods would only apply to point sources of CO2 emissions, not the large quantities of diffuse CO2 emissions released, for instance, by the transportation sector Cable laying Context Ever since Professor Samuel Morse thought of the transatlantic cable idea, cables have been laid on the ocean floor. The placement of submarine cables is historically the first human activity to directly affect and take place in the deep sea, with the first transatlantic cable laid in 1858 between Great Britain and Newfoundland. It is estimated that 100 000 kilometres of cables are being laid on the seafloor each year (Vierros etai, 2006], As an important part of modern infrastructure, submarine cables literally wire and connect the world. Nowadays, fibre-optic cables carry hundreds of gigabytes of information per second, with the transatlantic routes concentrating a large part of total traffic (see Ninety five per cent of the voic
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