. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. 280 Biology of the Vertebrates salivary, for the double purpose of lubrication, and of liquefaction and chemical modification. Mucous glands are especially essential for herbi- vores that consume large quantities of comparatively dry, bulky food. The action of the salivary glands, which is both chemical and mechanical, will be referred to later in the consideration of digestive glands in general (see Fig. 271). 5. Tongue What passes under the name of "
. Biology of the vertebrates : a comparative study of man and his animal allies. Vertebrates; Vertebrates -- Anatomy; Anatomy, Comparative. 280 Biology of the Vertebrates salivary, for the double purpose of lubrication, and of liquefaction and chemical modification. Mucous glands are especially essential for herbi- vores that consume large quantities of comparatively dry, bulky food. The action of the salivary glands, which is both chemical and mechanical, will be referred to later in the consideration of digestive glands in general (see Fig. 271). 5. Tongue What passes under the name of "tongue" in the vertebrate series is not always strictly comparable to the "unruly member" in man (or woman), which must be regarded as the outcome of a long sequence of adaptations. v*.f i Rostrum ^—Nasal Capsule ^.-Orbital Cavity .- Pterygoquadrate _—Labial Cartilage. **=*- Hypobranchial §^--Basibranchial ^-Ceratobranchial HI -Gill Rays ^EpibranchiallY Pharyngobranchial V Basibranchia Fig. 231. Diagrammatic ventral view of the splanchnocranium and neurocranium of Squalus acanthias. The basihyal cartilage, lying between the two sides of the lower jaw, is the skeletal basis of the fish's tongue. Amphioxus has no tongue at all, and the muscular piston-like tongue of cyclostomes is such an aberrant, highly specialized structure that it gives no safe clue to the true beginnings of this organ among vertebrates. In fishes, however, a primary tongue makes its definite appearance. It is a non-muscular elevation from the floor of the mouth cavity, consisting of a covering of mucous membrane, stretched over a skeletal support of. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Walter, Herbert Eugene, b. 1867; Sayles, Leonard Perkins, 1902-. New York : Macmillan Co.
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