. Details of riveted railroad truss bridges . |i the end plates in which the end circle is cut^ the work is easythe and design economical. There is no advantage gained in theshape of this end plate. A portal used by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad isshown in This detail with the exception of the braceis very good. The increased depth at centre makes it possiblefor the portal to take more bending stress. A straight kneebrace is more effective than the brace shown^and is much easierput in place. H Some of the largest bridges have comparatively simpleportals, some of the general shapes of
. Details of riveted railroad truss bridges . |i the end plates in which the end circle is cut^ the work is easythe and design economical. There is no advantage gained in theshape of this end plate. A portal used by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad isshown in This detail with the exception of the braceis very good. The increased depth at centre makes it possiblefor the portal to take more bending stress. A straight kneebrace is more effective than the brace shown^and is much easierput in place. H Some of the largest bridges have comparatively simpleportals, some of the general shapes of which are shown belo?/: - -44- Railroad bridge at Rock Island. Delaware Riverbridge at Philadelphia Union Railroad Bridge. The details of the sway bracings in all bridges aresimilar to that of the portals. In fact the same designs areused in most cases. The sway bracing is usually lighter, and maybe of less beauty on account of their position. The firstrequisite in both the portal-^nd sv;ay-bracing is rigity. It isdesirable to have the portal extend as far down the end post aspossible and still give sufficient head room. In high bridgesit is simple enough but in ordinary bridges the knee brace has tobe employed in order to give necessary rigidity. Lateral Systems. There is but one system of lateral bracing used^andthat is to have two diagonals in each panel. It was the practicesome years ago to have round or square rods with turn-buckleadjustments, for the lateral system in a manner much the same as -45 that now in vogue in the construction of highway bridges. At thepresent time this practice has been almost discontinued, andspecifications call for stiff members. The only ar
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