The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London . er saw them pass below the sand, they probably belongto that period when Shantung formed two islands, round whosecoasts the sands were deposited, and down whose slopes the peren-nial streams flowed. The lie of these old gravels is well seen in a section laid bare inthe banks of a little stream at Sze Chuang, south of Tsi Chuan,where the beds are exposed down to the Coal Measures. 4. The Loess in the Chefu District (fig. 2). The first travellersover the loess, struck with its terrace-like character, unhesitatinglyreferred its origin to
The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London . er saw them pass below the sand, they probably belongto that period when Shantung formed two islands, round whosecoasts the sands were deposited, and down whose slopes the peren-nial streams flowed. The lie of these old gravels is well seen in a section laid bare inthe banks of a little stream at Sze Chuang, south of Tsi Chuan,where the beds are exposed down to the Coal Measures. 4. The Loess in the Chefu District (fig. 2). The first travellersover the loess, struck with its terrace-like character, unhesitatinglyreferred its origin to a large freshwater lake or lakes; and theoccurrence of land-shells and sub-fossil mammalian remains lentstrength to the hypothesis. The possibility of such an origin againforced itself upon the authors when in April 1892 they found them-selves at Chefu, en route for Tsi-nan, the capital of the province ofShantung, whither they were bound on geological work intent. Theroad for the entire distance (over 600 miles were traversed) lay upon Fig. 2. Z^Pechi LI. Note.—This map is based on a sketch-survey by R. W. Hurst, kindly leut to usby Mr. Carrall, , Commissioner of Customs at Amoy. The geological lineswere laid down by us in the field, and illustrate admirably the lie of the does not seem to have gone over this ground, as he shows no super-ficial deposits at all, save a slight alluvium fringing the streams. ( Atlas —Ost Shantung, pi. iy.) 246 MESSES. SKERTCHLY AND KINGSMILL ON [May 1895, or in close proximity to the superficial deposits, and the nature ofthe authors expedition gave them ample opportunities for examin-ing the beds ; indeed, every exposure was noted, and a continuoussection constructed, as well as a detailed map of the Chefu district,and a more general one of this and the neighbouring provinces. One of us (T. W. K.) had unhesitatingly declared for the marinecharacter of the loess ; but, being anxious not to invalidate the resultso
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