. Engineering and Contracting . e safe against scouring and capableof resisting the ice pressures. Combination Pile Pier and Ice Breaker.—The manner ofaccomplishing this may be learned from a study of thede-tailed drawing of one of the piers as built. The construc-tion consists essentially of a combination of a pile pier sup-porting the superstructure with a rock-filled ice breaker oftimber cribbing protected against scour by willow mattressesand rip-rap. The vertical load imposed on the pier is car-ried by 70-ft. piles, capped by a grillage of crossed was the intention to provide a
. Engineering and Contracting . e safe against scouring and capableof resisting the ice pressures. Combination Pile Pier and Ice Breaker.—The manner ofaccomplishing this may be learned from a study of thede-tailed drawing of one of the piers as built. The construc-tion consists essentially of a combination of a pile pier sup-porting the superstructure with a rock-filled ice breaker oftimber cribbing protected against scour by willow mattressesand rip-rap. The vertical load imposed on the pier is car-ried by 70-ft. piles, capped by a grillage of crossed was the intention to provide a bridge seat in the form ofa concrete slab 3 ft. thick, but this was abandoned in favorof a top grillage of 3 tiers of 12-in. by 12-in. timbers becauseof lack of sufficient time to place the concrete in positionfor the steel work before the spring breakup. Each side of the pile pier is protected by 12-in. by bolted to the outside piles, with 3-in. open jointsbetween. These ties are long enough to extend upstream. P;p P/anPlan and Section of One of the Pile Piers and Its Ice Breaker. 13 years of severe service, developed leaks and was put outof commission. A temporary girder swing span served untilthe present structure was built. While the maintenance of a temporary structure had beenthe source of no little trouble to the railroad because ofperiodic floods of protracted duration, the construction of apermanent bridge was open to serious objection, not onlybecause of the established war policy of the government—and particularly the Railroad Administration—to discourageany undertaking that would interfere with the directing ofall national energies to the winning of the war, but alsobecause the bridge site is in many ways unfavorable to per-manent construction. Foundation conditions are such as torequire a very expensive substructure, entailing large ex-penditure both in money and in labor and a long construc-tion period. The location of the crossing is also sub
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