. Annual report. New York State Museum; Science. INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 199 appearance of this scale insect from the Washin^^ton shade trees at the close of 1879. The caterpillar is stated to not only destroy the old female scale insects, but also the ei,rgs and young larvae. A more important species than the preceding, according to the experience of Dr Howard, is a , minute chalcid tly known as C o c c o p h a g u s 1 e c a n i i Fitch. Dr How- ard states that the activity of this parasite in 1898 made it almost impos- sible to carry the cottony maple scale through the seas
. Annual report. New York State Museum; Science. INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 199 appearance of this scale insect from the Washin^^ton shade trees at the close of 1879. The caterpillar is stated to not only destroy the old female scale insects, but also the ei,rgs and young larvae. A more important species than the preceding, according to the experience of Dr Howard, is a , minute chalcid tly known as C o c c o p h a g u s 1 e c a n i i Fitch. Dr How- ard states that the activity of this parasite in 1898 made it almost impos- sible to carry the cottony maple scale through the season at Washington, and that less than i':i< attained maturity. His observations show that this parasite develops very rapidly, the life cycle occupying not more than 2 or 3 weeks. This permits a very rapid increase in its numbers and adds mate- rially to the value of the parasite. This little insect even gained access to the breeding cages in the insectary at Washington and threatened the destruction of all the insects. C o c c o p h a g u s f I a - V o s c u t e 11 u m Ashm. is a more southern species than the preceding, and according to Dr Howard, is almost equally effective in the south- ern portions of this insect's habitat. Atro pates col- li nsl How., is another important parasite of this insect which was reared by Dr Howard from Brooklyn material. A single specimen of Eunotus 1 i V i d u s Ashm. was also reared from material sent from Brooklyn. Two other parasites, Aphycus pulvinariae How., and Comys fusca How., are known to live on this species. Aphis lions or larvae of lace-winged flies were observed by Dr Howard preying on the young of this insect, and a species of harvest mite attacks the pest as stated by Miss Murtfeldt. Remedies. Brushing with a stiff broom will dislodge many ig. 32 Kunotus livid us, greatly enlarged, with male and female antennae above still more enlarged and cocoons under old scale at left, also enlarged. (After Howard. U. S. Dep't .\
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