. The trackman's helper, a handbook for track foremen, supervisors and engineers . to have a tie plate of sufficient sizeto provide a safe bearing area for the weakest kind]of wood used. As the main-track ties are 7x9 ins. x8 ft. 6 ins., it was considered not advisable to makethe tie plates wider than 7 ins. The first tie plates which were rolled for ourscrew-spike construction were 7 x IO14 ins. x % in., 52 THE TRACKMANS HELPER with raised lugs to support the heads of two screwspikes and with an intermediate shoulder on the out-side of the rail. The plates were smooth on the bot-tom, and did
. The trackman's helper, a handbook for track foremen, supervisors and engineers . to have a tie plate of sufficient sizeto provide a safe bearing area for the weakest kind]of wood used. As the main-track ties are 7x9 ins. x8 ft. 6 ins., it was considered not advisable to makethe tie plates wider than 7 ins. The first tie plates which were rolled for ourscrew-spike construction were 7 x IO14 ins. x % in., 52 THE TRACKMANS HELPER with raised lugs to support the heads of two screwspikes and with an intermediate shoulder on the out-side of the rail. The plates were smooth on the bot-tom, and did not have a shoulder or raised lug forthe screw-spike head on the inside of the rail. Thefollowing season the plates were lengthened to 10%ins. and made % in. thick, with lugs for the insidescrew spikes. Two holes were also punched for lagscrews, one at either end. About a year ago theywere again increased to % in. in thickness. Screw spikes. The first change from the standardcut spike fastening occurred in February, 1909. Theheads of the screw spikes have been somewhat in- 1^/. Fig. 6. Standard Screw Spike on D. L. & W. R. R. creased from those first used, on account of the greatdeterioration from rust caused by brine dripping atcertain points on the line. The standard screw spikenow in use is shown in Fig. 6. Holes for screw spikes. The first year that screwspikes were used an Ajax hand machine was usedfor boring all ties in the field, a template being usedto spot the holes. Creosote oil was poured into all theholes as soon as bored. In 1911 a boring and adzingmachine, manufactured by Greenlee Brothers, ofRockford, 111., was installed at the creosoting machine operated more or less successfully, butwas not of sufficient capacity nor heavy enough in SPIKING AND GAGING 53 construction to successfully handle heavy hardwoodties. Accordingly, two new and larger machines,manufactured by the same company, were installedthe fore part of 1913. These two machines have op-erat
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