. Text-book of anatomy and physiology for nurses. y direction, like that of theshoulder. Knee-joint (hinge or ginglymus joint) (Fig. 62).—Articularsurfaces: the condyles of the femur, the head of the tibia, and theposterior surface of the patella. The two surfaces on the top ofthe tibia are shallow, but their depth is increased by semilunarfibro-cartilages attached around the borders, thus forming shallowcups for the 66 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR NURSES. The femur and tibia are directly connected by two ligamentswithin the joint, which cross each other and are therefore called thecr
. Text-book of anatomy and physiology for nurses. y direction, like that of theshoulder. Knee-joint (hinge or ginglymus joint) (Fig. 62).—Articularsurfaces: the condyles of the femur, the head of the tibia, and theposterior surface of the patella. The two surfaces on the top ofthe tibia are shallow, but their depth is increased by semilunarfibro-cartilages attached around the borders, thus forming shallowcups for the 66 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR NURSES. The femur and tibia are directly connected by two ligamentswithin the joint, which cross each other and are therefore called thecrucial ligaments. (One passes from the front of the spine to thelateral condyle, the other passes from behind the spine to themedial condyle.) The patella lies in front of the condyles, beingimbedded in a thick tendinous band about three inches long whichcontinues to the tuberosity of the tibia. This band is really thetendon of insertion for some thigh muscles, and is improperlycalled the ligament of the patella. It serves as the anterior liga-. Plantar ligaments Fig. 63.—Ligaments of the Ankle-joint and Plantar Region.—(Morris.) ment of the joint but is at the same time the quadriceps extensortendon, sometimes called the patellar tendon. There are distinctmedial and lateral ligaments, and some strong oblique bands at theback; and all are connected by a capsule which encloses the jointcavity. The synovial membrane is very extensive (Fig. 62); it covers thecrucial ligaments and semilunar cartilages. Motions.—Flexion, extension, and very limited rotation of the leg. Note.—The patella cannot be drawn upward under any the knee is flexed, it lies against the lower ends of the condyles, and in ARTICULATIONS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY. 67 kneeling the condyles rest upon it. The elasticity of the great muscles to whichthe patellar tendon belongs, allows very free motion and at the same time keepsthe patella always in place close to the condyles. Bursae.—There
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