. Obstetrics for nurses. ecompleted after clamping andcutting the cord. The moreextreme cases are rarely recog-nized until forcible attempts atdelivery result in rupture ofthe cord, separation of theplacenta, or even in inversionof the uterus. Unusually Long Cords.—Cords more than 100 centimeters (40 inches)in length are not common and rarely cause difficulty, although they maybe wrapped many times about the neck and limbs, and have a tendencyto prolapse during labor. Other Abnormalities.—False knots due to abnormal development ofthe cord are common, but true knots resulting from the activity
. Obstetrics for nurses. ecompleted after clamping andcutting the cord. The moreextreme cases are rarely recog-nized until forcible attempts atdelivery result in rupture ofthe cord, separation of theplacenta, or even in inversionof the uterus. Unusually Long Cords.—Cords more than 100 centimeters (40 inches)in length are not common and rarely cause difficulty, although they maybe wrapped many times about the neck and limbs, and have a tendencyto prolapse during labor. Other Abnormalities.—False knots due to abnormal development ofthe cord are common, but true knots resulting from the activity of thefetus, as favored by hydramnios in the presence of a long cord, are lessfrequent. The former is without practical significance, whereas the lattermay cause the death of the child should the knot become taut. Loopsof cord about the neck or extremities are frequently seen, but rarelycause trouble, although occasionally a fetal death may be attributed tostrangulation by an unusually tight loop encircling the Fig. 104.—Battledore placenta. (Bumm.) DISEASES OF THE FETUS Syphilis.—Among patients of the lower classes syphilis ranks as themost important cause of fetal death during the last three months ofpregnancy and is responsible for many fatalities during the early weeksof extra-uterine life. It is doubtful whether early abortions are over due DISEASES OF THE OVUM AND FETUS 201 to this disease, since it is very rare to find any evidence of syphilis infetuses of less than four months development. In general, infection of the product of conception undoubtedly occursfrom the presence of the specific Treponema pallidum in the mother,although paternal infection by way of the spermatozoa cannot beentirely disregarded. This latter hypothesis has been used to explainthe fact that women presenting no signs of syphilis may give birth tochildren with definitely syphilitic lesions, and cannot be infected bythem, while normal women are {Colles Law). As it has been shownthat
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectobstetrics, bookyear1
