. Journal of electricity, power, and gas . ed water purifier the Cochrane heater alsodoes valuable work. The most common scale-formingeleiTients found in boiler feed waters are lime andmagnesia; which exist as carbonates and sulphates, the carbonates precipitating at about 200 degrees F., form-ing a soft, granular scale, while the sulphates areprecipitated at about 290 degrees F. and form a hard,crystalline scale. As the water is heated to 212 degrees in this heateryou can readily see that a partial purification is accom-plished in the heater by throwing down all the softscale-forming elements
. Journal of electricity, power, and gas . ed water purifier the Cochrane heater alsodoes valuable work. The most common scale-formingeleiTients found in boiler feed waters are lime andmagnesia; which exist as carbonates and sulphates, the carbonates precipitating at about 200 degrees F., form-ing a soft, granular scale, while the sulphates areprecipitated at about 290 degrees F. and form a hard,crystalline scale. As the water is heated to 212 degrees in this heateryou can readily see that a partial purification is accom-plished in the heater by throwing down all the softscale-forming elements which will precipitate at lessthan 212 degrees F. Heater and Receiver. After the exhaust steam has been used to heat thefeed water there still remains present about 80 per centof the heat in the steam as it left the boilers. It isdesirable, if possible, to use this waste steam for heat-ing building or manufacturing purposes. The Coch-rane is especially designed for use in connection withany kind of exhaust steam heating or drying system,. Cut-Out Valve Heater, the shell being adapted for carrying any workingpressure up to 10 lb. per sq. in. These heaters arefurther provided with the equivalent of a steam trap,allowing the overflow and drips from the oil separatorto pass to waste without permitting steam to escapeor air to enter. The returns from the heating systemare brought into the heater through a water sealedopening to prevent steam backing up into the returnline and so arranged that the returns are broken upand heated by contact with the exhaust steam. The discharge from vacuum pumps is generallydelivered into the top of the heater and passed downover the trap, since it is usually considerably reducedin temperature by the injection of cold water into thevacuum pump. The float controlling the cold waterinlet valve is set to close the latter considerably belowthe overflow level, so that storage is provided for thereturns from the heating system. The best way of installing a
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