. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas. El Salvador. LOWLAND FORMATIONS Mangrove Forest Evergreen Forest (Including Gallery Forest) Deciduous Forest I3°I0- UPLAND FORMATIONS H Pine-Oak Forest Cloud Forest 90° 89° 88° Figure Hypothetical climax vegetation of El Salvador Siiiini'- Daugherty (1%')! Irom field observations, 1968-1969; Laver (1955) mangroves cover 446 sq. km. They are concentrated in four areas; Bahi'a de Jiquilisco. Barra de Santiago. Estero de Jaltepeque and Bahi'a de La Union. The main species are Rhizophora inangte. Avicennia genniiiaus and Lxigiiiiculc
. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas. El Salvador. LOWLAND FORMATIONS Mangrove Forest Evergreen Forest (Including Gallery Forest) Deciduous Forest I3°I0- UPLAND FORMATIONS H Pine-Oak Forest Cloud Forest 90° 89° 88° Figure Hypothetical climax vegetation of El Salvador Siiiini'- Daugherty (1%')! Irom field observations, 1968-1969; Laver (1955) mangroves cover 446 sq. km. They are concentrated in four areas; Bahi'a de Jiquilisco. Barra de Santiago. Estero de Jaltepeque and Bahi'a de La Union. The main species are Rhizophora inangte. Avicennia genniiiaus and Lxigiiiiculciria niccinosa. Although they are, by law. inalienable government domain, the mangroves suf- fer exploitation for poles, posts, firewood and tannins. In addi- tion, they are threatened by the encroachment of agriculture, the construction of shrimp and salt ponds, drainage for mosquito con- trol and the influx of agricultural pesticides (USAID, 1988), Forest Resources and Management El Salvador is thought to have been almost completely forested at the time of European settlement in the 16th century. In a 1985 study, using data from 1978 and 1979, it was estimated that only 2682 sq km or 13 per cent of the country's land area was covered with "forest" (Perfil Ambiental, 1985). However, in this report "forest" included plantations and shrubland (Table ) and very little undisturbed natural forest (as defined in this Atlas) reinained. Excluding shiubland and plantations from Table , the area of natural closed forest remaining in 1978/79 was only 1846 sq. km or 9 per cent of El Salvador's land area. FAO (1993a) indicates that 1230 sq. km of forest remained in EI Salvador in 1990, 64 per cent of this is in the hill and mon- tane zone of the country. FAO (1993a) gives no figure for closed broadleaved forest in the country. The distribution of the forests shown on Map have been taken from a map that was published more than a decade ago — in 1981. T
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