. The history of Springfield in Massachusetts, for the young; being also in some part the history of other towns and cities in the county of Hampden. Springfield lake. f> K ^7lifki 1===* Nay, more; for at the Science Museum may beseen a specimen of stoneall rippled over with5 the wave marks of the% water that flowed backs and forth over the muddyshore. Such deposits ofsand, mud, clay, etc., ashave been described, giveto the earth, when a section of it is laid open, a kind of layer-cake effect, called stratification. There is another thing about the geological history ofSpringfield that ough
. The history of Springfield in Massachusetts, for the young; being also in some part the history of other towns and cities in the county of Hampden. Springfield lake. f> K ^7lifki 1===* Nay, more; for at the Science Museum may beseen a specimen of stoneall rippled over with5 the wave marks of the% water that flowed backs and forth over the muddyshore. Such deposits ofsand, mud, clay, etc., ashave been described, giveto the earth, when a section of it is laid open, a kind of layer-cake effect, called stratification. There is another thing about the geological history ofSpringfield that ought to be noted. The lay of the land isvery far from level; what is the cause of it? The reason is inthe fact that the great body of water which once flowed throughthe valley, being some of the time more of a lake than a river,had, at different periods, different levels and made for itselfmore than one set of banks. If you will go down to the river, at the foot of State street,you v;ill find the bank somewhat high and rather steep. Thestream is well shut in ana mav rise and fall in spring andsummer without much effect except in the lower Stratified Rocks. NATURAL FEATURES 15 Look across and you will see that the western bank is not sohigh; in a freshet the water will be covering the Agawammeadows. If it were not for the artificial bank or dyke, Mer-rick would then be overflowed. Nevertheless, by continualdeposits of mud the river is building for itself a higher westernbank. How long this process of filling the river bottom andbuilding the river banks has gone on is unknown; but cer-tain it is that twenty feet down in the side of a well, near
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