. The Pharmaceutical era. andis placed on the well shoulder. A sling is now placedunder the tip of the elbow and the ends pinned over thehand on the well shoulder. Considerable traction shouldbe made so as to throw the shoulder higher than itsfellow. This bandage encircles the body. In fractures of the jaw, the most that can be done is toKupi)ort the chiu with a four-tailed bandage or handker-chief until the case falls into the hands of the surgeon. In compound fractures, the general rules for the treat-ment of wounds, viz., antisepsis or cleanliness, must bepracticed in connection with the ru
. The Pharmaceutical era. andis placed on the well shoulder. A sling is now placedunder the tip of the elbow and the ends pinned over thehand on the well shoulder. Considerable traction shouldbe made so as to throw the shoulder higher than itsfellow. This bandage encircles the body. In fractures of the jaw, the most that can be done is toKupi)ort the chiu with a four-tailed bandage or handker-chief until the case falls into the hands of the surgeon. In compound fractures, the general rules for the treat-ment of wounds, viz., antisepsis or cleanliness, must bepracticed in connection with the rules just given for thesupport of fractures. .As general suggestions for the management of frac-tures, temporary splints may be made of cigar box, boards,bed slats, pasteboard, leather, or anything that will af-ford sup|K)rls. When contusions are present anodynelotions may 1m ai>plied under the supports. HEMORRHAGE. A hemorrhage is the escape of blood from the cavityof the blood vessels. It is internal or concealed when. FiL. it cannot be seen, and external when the flow is from anexternal wound. Bright red blood comes from an artery, and usuallyescapes with an interrupted spurt. Dark red blood whichescapes with a continuous flow is from a vein. A schematic drawing of the circulation of blood isshow-n in Fig. 2. The black vessels represent the arter- February 17, 189S.] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA. 247 ies, wliich contain arterial blood. The white vessels rep-resent the veins, and in them is found venous change in color takes place at two points: (1st)from dark red to bright red, or from venous to arterial,in the lungs, (a) where carbon dioxid gas is thrown offand oxjgen is taken on; (2d) from briglit red to darkred in the capillaries and veins, and is caused by givingoff oxygen and taking up carbon dioxid gas. Nutritionis also delivered to the tissues through the capillaries,and it is possible that the latter process has also to dowith the change in color of the blood.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, booksubjectdrugs, booksubjectpharmacy, bookyear1
