. A history of Pennsylvania. coal mines that are known. Later the discoveryof petroleum and natural gas contributed largely to her ma-terial development. Her situation at the head of the OhioRiver gives her a vast system of inland navigation, and hergeographical position and natural resources have made her agreat railroad center. All these things combined havecaused her and the nearby towns to grow rapidly in wealthand production. The benefactions of Andrew Carnegie,Henry Phii)ps and others, besides those institutions estab-lished at the public expense, have furnished her with museums,gallerie
. A history of Pennsylvania. coal mines that are known. Later the discoveryof petroleum and natural gas contributed largely to her ma-terial development. Her situation at the head of the OhioRiver gives her a vast system of inland navigation, and hergeographical position and natural resources have made her agreat railroad center. All these things combined havecaused her and the nearby towns to grow rapidly in wealthand production. The benefactions of Andrew Carnegie,Henry Phii)ps and others, besides those institutions estab-lished at the public expense, have furnished her with museums,galleries of art, and educational and other institutions. In 1 The name appears to have been given by General John Forbes. CONCLUSION 287 1907 the neighboring city of Allegheny was annexed, makingPittsburgh one of the great cities of the Union, her populationby the census of 1910 being 552,900. Her great iron and steelworks are marvels of mechanical skill and the iron used was mined in the neighborhood and. Carnegie Library, Pittsburgh in the State, but now nearly all the ore is brought from theLake Superior mines. No city in the country equals Pitts-burgh in the manufacture of iron and steel products. What has been said of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh is trueof Pennsylvanias other cities and towns, though in a lessdegree; everywhere one sees well-conceived and well-carriedout plans for the development of the natural resources of theneighborhood and the State. The Development of Pennsylvania. — It is only possibleto indicate in a general way the marvellous development ofPennsylvania, especially in the last eighty years. She had,by the census of 1910, a population of 7,665,111, second onlyto New York State, and more than twice as great as thatof the Thirteen Colonies combined in 1776. She had, 288 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA besides Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, nineteen cities havingeach a population of more than 20,000. Of the total population of the State in 191
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