. The British rust fungi (Uredinales), their biology and classification. Uredineae. ON MALVACE^ 207 On many species of Malvaceae (of the subfamily Malvese), especially on Malva nwschata, M. silves- tris and Althaea rosea. Very common. May—October (also in April and Novem- ber). (Fig. 154.) This is one of the most uoticeal)le of the Uredinales. It is truly plurivorous ; so far from being confined to a species, it is not even confined to a genus. In botanic gardens, where species of the family Malvacea) are grown, side by side, in the same plot, the disease can be seen to spread to plants of all
. The British rust fungi (Uredinales), their biology and classification. Uredineae. ON MALVACE^ 207 On many species of Malvaceae (of the subfamily Malvese), especially on Malva nwschata, M. silves- tris and Althaea rosea. Very common. May—October (also in April and Novem- ber). (Fig. 154.) This is one of the most uoticeal)le of the Uredinales. It is truly plurivorous ; so far from being confined to a species, it is not even confined to a genus. In botanic gardens, where species of the family Malvacea) are grown, side by side, in the same plot, the disease can be seen to spread to plants of all the allied genera —Malva, Lavatera, Althaea, Kitaibdia, Malope, Ahutilon, Sida, Sidalcea, Anoda, Malvastrura, etc., have been recorded. A list containing many (nearly forty) species of these genera is given by S}do\v, to which more are added by Fischer, McAlpine, and Dandeno. On all these it appears to be identical; artificial infections have proved that it can be transferred from Malva to Althaea, and vice-verscl. It was first made known in 1852 by Montague from a specimen found in Chili. It was observed in Australia in 1857 (McAlpine). In Europe it appeared in 1869, in South Africa in 1875, and it is now spread all over the world. It is believed that Chili was its native home ; the rapidity of its distribution to other countries has few or no parallels among plant diseases. It has been proved by many experimenters that it produces only the one kind of spore, which is capable of germinating at once when mature, though some can hibernate. It is a disputed point whether the mycelium can pass the winter in the plant or in the seed : the balance of evidence goes to show that fresh infections arise each year by the germination of over-wintered teleutospores, which can be found on all green parts, even on the fruits. See p. Fig. 154. P. Malvacearuvi. Teleutospores and meso- spore. 79. Puccinia Fruni-spinosae Pers. JEcidium punctatum Pers. in Uster. Annal. Botanik, xx. 135.
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