Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel (1507 – 1582), the Grand Duke of Alba in Spain and the Iron Duke in the Netherlands (known as Alva) In front of

---

Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel (1507 – 1582), the Grand Duke of Alba in Spain and the Iron Duke in the Netherlands (known as Alva) In front of him chained people representing the Dutch provinces.

---

Size: 5376px × 3632px
Photo credit: © Ron Giling / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No

Keywords: alba, alva, bible, catholic, de, duke, fernando, grand, hermitage, iron, netherlands, oppressor, painting, pimentel, protestant, respect, spain, toledo, Álvarez