New elements of operative surgery . h, and even in the treat-ment of certain kinds of erysipelas. To perform these punctures,there is no need of needles, nor any other special instrument; theordinary lancet, directed perpendicularly (Fig. 158) upon the tis-sues, and drawn back in the same manner, after having beenquickly plunged into them to the depth of a line or two, alwayssuffices. The punctures performed in this way should be numer-ous and made with rapidity. The only inconvenience they presentis that of exposing to the risk of erysipelas, and of thus causing indebilitated and dropsical pa
New elements of operative surgery . h, and even in the treat-ment of certain kinds of erysipelas. To perform these punctures,there is no need of needles, nor any other special instrument; theordinary lancet, directed perpendicularly (Fig. 158) upon the tis-sues, and drawn back in the same manner, after having beenquickly plunged into them to the depth of a line or two, alwayssuffices. The punctures performed in this way should be numer-ous and made with rapidity. The only inconvenience they presentis that of exposing to the risk of erysipelas, and of thus causing indebilitated and dropsical patients {indiviclus anemiques ou injiltres)inflammations which sometimes speedily pass into gangrene. [Themost convenient and speedy way of making these punctures is withthe lancet open, at an acute or right angle, upon its handle, whichlatter is held lightly between the thumb and fore-finger, placednear the extreme point of the handle, so as to have a better is the origin of the term bird-peck puncture.—T.] (Fig. 158.). B. Scarifications. I do not mean here the puncturings made directly into the smallveins which are often seen on the surface of diseased regions, or oncertain tumors: this is a kind of local phlebotomy. The scarifica-tions, which are actual incisions, and not simple punctures, consti-tute one of the most ancient modes of bleeding. They were in useat the time of Galen and Oribasus, for we remark in these authorsthat Antylus, for performing them, was in the habit of using ascarificator with many blades. From those remote times scarifica-tions have never been entirely abandoned. If, to effect them, weno longer use a sharp-edged shell, flints, or stalks of wood, thereare still employed particular kinds of scarificators for the conjunc- 272 NEW ELEMENTS OF OPERATIVE SURGERY. tiva, interior of the nares, or urethra, or for the cutaneous German scarificator, (Fig. 159,) the English scarificator, thatwhich the manufacturer Charriere (Fig. 160) ha
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