. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. Jia/r in Feef t^ufenai Canoe Zfn^/h ovfrcM// /S'-4' , oyer ^unwa/ej /O'Jj' Seam ^si ' . rnjft^e ou/itva/e/ ^â f' Orpfh /^- ^. /et/ton a/on^/feJe /rc/ion a/ Thwar/ Figure 154 Bark Canoe of the Kutenai and Shuswap, about average in size and propor- tion. Original in the Museum of the American Indian, New York. small light ribs were sometimes placed there, with their heads caught in the closure lashing of the end. The canoes had 3-part gunwales consisting of inwale, outwale, and cap, but in many the arrangement of these was such that this nomen
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. Jia/r in Feef t^ufenai Canoe Zfn^/h ovfrcM// /S'-4' , oyer ^unwa/ej /O'Jj' Seam ^si ' . rnjft^e ou/itva/e/ ^â f' Orpfh /^- ^. /et/ton a/on^/feJe /rc/ion a/ Thwar/ Figure 154 Bark Canoe of the Kutenai and Shuswap, about average in size and propor- tion. Original in the Museum of the American Indian, New York. small light ribs were sometimes placed there, with their heads caught in the closure lashing of the end. The canoes had 3-part gunwales consisting of inwale, outwale, and cap, but in many the arrangement of these was such that this nomenclature is misleading. In the latter construction, a lower inwale was used, as in the above drawing; rather small in cross section, it was almost .square, with rounded edges. The rib ends, after passing through slits in the bark cover below the lower inwale, continued upward past it, outside the bark cover. Above the lower inwale and inside the bark cover was a larger upper inwale; this was flat on the outboard and bottom sides, the top and inboard sides being rounded into one another. The outwale, roughly rectangular in cross section, clamped the bark cover and heads of the ribs between it and the upper inwale. The ribs and bark were trimmed ofT flush with the tops of the outwale and up- per inwale. The thwart amidships was caught, at the ends, between the lower and upper inwales. The gun- wale members and bark cover were secured by group lashings of small extent and rather widely spaced. The methods of fitting the thwarts differed in this class of canoe, and it cannot be determined with cer- tainty whether this variation was tribal or the choice of the individual builder. In canoes having the lower inwale arrangement there was but one thwart amid- ships. As has been said, its ends were caught between the upper and lower inwales. Directly beneath it was a rib whose head was not brought up outside the bark cover but, after being secured to the upper- most sheathing batten, was
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Keywords: ., bookauthorun, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectscience
