. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE m BULLETIN No. 418 KfA^^^S^iw/fy Contribution front the Forest Service •! jru^'^wt. Contribution from the Forest Service HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. S\^'^>~fU Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER February 6, 1917 WESTERN YELLOW PINE IN OREGON. By Thornton T. Munger, Forest Examiner. Introduction i Requirements 5 Reproduction 6 Effect of flres 9 Sources of injury other than fire 12 Character of the stands 17 Growth 23 CONTENTS. Page. 29 30 32 35 Management of western yellow-pine
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE m BULLETIN No. 418 KfA^^^S^iw/fy Contribution front the Forest Service •! jru^'^wt. Contribution from the Forest Service HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. S\^'^>~fU Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER February 6, 1917 WESTERN YELLOW PINE IN OREGON. By Thornton T. Munger, Forest Examiner. Introduction i Requirements 5 Reproduction 6 Effect of flres 9 Sources of injury other than fire 12 Character of the stands 17 Growth 23 CONTENTS. Page. 29 30 32 35 Management of western yellow-pine 36 Appendix 43-48 Characteristics of the wood Utilization of yellow-pine forests. Logging and milling Planting INTRODUCTION. Western yellow pine^ (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) is known throughout its range simply as pine or yellow pine, and in the lumber trade of the Northwest as western pine. It is sometimes called western soft pine or, more rarely, Oregon white pine. The terms used by California lumbermen are "western white pine" and "California white ; It is the most widely distributed pine in the United States and one of the most valuable. It is suited to a great variety of uses and throughout much of its range suppUes nearly every local need. Its large size, good form, occurrence in large and easily accessible bodies, and the high technical quahties of its wood place it near the top of the list of commercially important American timber trees. The reported cut in the United States in 1915 was 1,252,244,000 feet, which places yellow pine seventh in rank if the oaks are considered collectively. California leads the States, with a cut (in 1915) of 389,091,000 feet, and Oregon is third with an annual output of 189,203,000 feet. There is estimated to be in the United States 1 Seven distinct species of pines occur naturally in the State of Oregon: (1) western white pine (Pinus monticrila), the "Idaho while pine" of the markets, a valuable
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