. Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Botany Oregon Ecology; Botany Washington (State) Ecology. Figure 36. — Tsuga, Picea, and Thuja seedlings devel- oping on a rotting nurse log, a typical phenomenon in forests of the Picea sitchensis Zone (Quinault Research Nat- ural Area, Olympic National Forest, Washington); the range pole in this and other photos, unless otherwise noted, is 1 m. in height and marked in dm. seg- ments. Figure 37. — Sand dunes are very extensive along the Oregon coast, occupying nearly half the 500 kilometers of shoreline; pictured is the north end of the Coos Bay dune she
. Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Botany Oregon Ecology; Botany Washington (State) Ecology. Figure 36. — Tsuga, Picea, and Thuja seedlings devel- oping on a rotting nurse log, a typical phenomenon in forests of the Picea sitchensis Zone (Quinault Research Nat- ural Area, Olympic National Forest, Washington); the range pole in this and other photos, unless otherwise noted, is 1 m. in height and marked in dm. seg- ments. Figure 37. — Sand dunes are very extensive along the Oregon coast, occupying nearly half the 500 kilometers of shoreline; pictured is the north end of the Coos Bay dune sheet, the most extensive single area of dune development in the Northwest (photo courtesy Siuslaw National Forest). quence, the stands of Pinus con torta and Picea sitchensis are frequently deformed on the oceanside and increase in height to the lee (fig. 38). Also obvious in some localities are the plant communities, even whole forest stands, being engulfed by moving sand dunes (fig. 39). Dune and strand vegetation of the Oregon coast has been studied by many scientists, in- cluding Egier (1934), Green (1965), Byrd (1950), Hanneson (1962), Kumler (1963), and Wiedemann (1966). Any discussion should probably begin with the early plant colonizers which begin sand stabilization. Some of the more important species are Gleh- nia leiocarpa, Carex macrocephala, Franseria chamissonis, Abronia latifolia, Convolvulus soldanella, Lupinus littoralis, Poa macrantha, Polygonum paronychia, Juncus lesueurii and falcatus, Potentilla anserina, Calamagrostis nutkaensis, Elymus mollis, Plantago maritima, and Co tula coronopifolia (Heusser 1960, Kumler 1963). Ammophila arenaria is an im- portant pioneer deserving special mention. It was first introduced in the late 1800's for use in dune control planting on the Oregon coast. Figure 38. — Ocean winds and spray strongly influ- ence form and composition of beach- bordering communities; Picea sitchensis at Cape Perpetua, Oregon (photo cour- tesy Si
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