. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. J 50 Comparative Animal Physiology substitute quantitatively for choline in the diet of the roach. ^^^ Choline is not required in the diet of the ciliate Tetrahymena?'^ Inositol also is a constituent of many lipids, occurs in nucleic acids, and is widely synthesized. Certain strains of microorganisms require it, but no in- sects have been found to need it in the diet. Inadequate amounts may be synthesized by growing chickens and turkeys and by mammals if the diet contains the cereal product phytin;'-'-' ^^-^ und
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. J 50 Comparative Animal Physiology substitute quantitatively for choline in the diet of the roach. ^^^ Choline is not required in the diet of the ciliate Tetrahymena?'^ Inositol also is a constituent of many lipids, occurs in nucleic acids, and is widely synthesized. Certain strains of microorganisms require it, but no in- sects have been found to need it in the diet. Inadequate amounts may be synthesized by growing chickens and turkeys and by mammals if the diet contains the cereal product phytin;'-'-' ^^-^ under these conditions it is a dietary essential. Early reports of specific effects of inositol on some types of alopecia (hair loss) appear not to have been confirmed. Para-aminobenzoic acid is apparently a precursor of folic acid and may not be a true dietary factor for animals if there is an adequate supply of folic acid. Additions of p-aminobenzoic acid favor survival in vitro of Plasmodium knoivlesii, ^-^^ but it apparently is not needed by insects or higher animals. Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C). Ascorbic acid has the following structure:. This is a substance which is readily oxidized, and therefore it may be important in maintaining a proper oxidation-reduction balance in many cells. It is widely distributed in animal tissues and in many plant sources and appears to decrease in the adrenal cortex under various stress conditions, as indicated for tempera- ture extremes in Chapter 10, p. 349. Ascorbic acid was early discovered as the anti-scurvy vitamin in man. Its lack results in small scattered hemorrhages and lesions, particularly of the gums. Ascorbic acid is needed in the production of intercellular cement, particularly of capillaries. The human requirement is to ^-^ Ascorbic acid is not required in the diet by all mammals. It is synthesized in sufficient amounts by the rat and hamster, but must be fed to guinea pigs, monkeys, and men. Ascorbic acid appe
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