. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . point of view,tlie question as to what to do after anair pump has failed is of secondary im-portance to the question as to whatshould be observed and done before thefailure occurs, after the failure, the dam-age is done and no amount of reflectionupon what might have been done willalter the case. In order that those who use tlie pump,whether engineers, firemen or hostlers,may be entirely free from sharing in theresponsibility for an air pump failure,that that is not due to poor workmanshipor
. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . point of view,tlie question as to what to do after anair pump has failed is of secondary im-portance to the question as to whatshould be observed and done before thefailure occurs, after the failure, the dam-age is done and no amount of reflectionupon what might have been done willalter the case. In order that those who use tlie pump,whether engineers, firemen or hostlers,may be entirely free from sharing in theresponsibility for an air pump failure,that that is not due to poor workmanshipor defective material, there are somerules in reference to starting a pump thatmust be observed. In the first place theair pump should not be used on the firetrack or ash pit: if it is, a considerablequantity of ashes and cinders will bedrawn into the air cylinder that other-wise would be avoided. If the dirtdrawn toward the pump in this manner, which is certainly the outcome of igno-rance or of careless habits. This shouldnot be tolerated, even if the location ofthe steam valve is at an inconvenient. VIEW OF STRAINER. point, because it is safe to say that aboutone-half of the unfair usage of pumpsoccurs when thev are first started. 276 RAILWAY AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING. August. 1916. If tlie inimp is started with a wideopen throttle, the steam piston strikingthe condensation, throws an unnecessarystrain on the cap screws with which thetop head is fastened, thereby causing thegaskets to leak and waste oil that shouldreach the pump, but the most destructivefeature is that when the pump is startedin this manner the pistons are oftenthrown against the center piece with suffi-cient force to fracture or break pieces outof the lower side of the steam piston orthe upper side of the air piston, this be-due to insufficient air pressure to cushionthe pistons. This striking or banging ofthe pistons often results in loose revers-ing plate bolts, or in the air piston work-ing loose
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