. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. ONTOGENY OF SQUID MANTLE 137 mantle are packed into a dense, three-dimensional array. Water contained within the muscle fibers and the connective tissue fibers themselves serves as the incompressible fluid. In such a system of structural support, termed a "muscular hydrostat" by Kier and Smith (1985). the volume of the mantle remains constant, such that a change in one dimen- sion must result in a change in at least one of the other dimensions of the mantle. The mechanical support for the mantle arises from a compl
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. ONTOGENY OF SQUID MANTLE 137 mantle are packed into a dense, three-dimensional array. Water contained within the muscle fibers and the connective tissue fibers themselves serves as the incompressible fluid. In such a system of structural support, termed a "muscular hydrostat" by Kier and Smith (1985). the volume of the mantle remains constant, such that a change in one dimen- sion must result in a change in at least one of the other dimensions of the mantle. The mechanical support for the mantle arises from a complex, three-dimensional arrangement of muscle fibers, connective tissue fibers, and the gladius. The muscle fibers in squid mantle are arranged primarily in two orientations: circumferentially and radially. Contraction of the circum- ferential muscles decreases mantle circumference and ex- pels water from the mantle cavity through the funnel during the exhalant phase of jet locomotion (Young. 1938). Con- traction of the radial muscle fibers thins the mantle wall and increases the mantle circumference, filling the mantle cavity during the inhalant phase of jet locomotion (Young, 1938). The fibrous connective tissues of the squid mantle are arranged into five networks (Fig. 1): the inner and outer tunics, which sandwich the circumferential and radial mus- cles, plus three networks of intramuscular collagen fibers (Ward and Wainwright, 1972; Bone et ai, 1981). Intramus- cular fiber system 1 (IM-1) consists of collagen fibers (Cos- line and Shadwick. 1983b; MacGillivray et ai. 1999) that originate and insert on the inner and outer tunics (Ward and Wainwright. 1972). Viewed in sagittal section, the IM-1 collagen fibers are arranged at a low angle (28° in Lolli 1^1111- cnla brevis) relative to the long axis of the mantle (Ward and Wainwright, 1972) (Fig. 1). In sections tangential to the surface of the mantle, the collagen fibers in IM-1 are also arranged at low angles (10° to 15° i
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
