. Bulletin. Science; Natural history; Natural history. PATHOLOGY OF FISH NEAR AN OUTFALL 83 250 200 150 100 50. TO T4 (133/136) (60/49) T3 (28/34) Rig (37/70) Inshore Nearshore Up coast Outfall Down coast Within ZID 18m 37m 55-60m 54-56m Fig. 16. Average standard lengths of 600 white croaker (284M:316F) from sampling stations of the County Sanitation Districts of Orange County's ocean monitoring program (1988-1992). prevalence. For example, of all homyhead turbot with eosinophilic foci of cellular alteration were male. On the other hand, of all white croaker with severe hydropic va
. Bulletin. Science; Natural history; Natural history. PATHOLOGY OF FISH NEAR AN OUTFALL 83 250 200 150 100 50. TO T4 (133/136) (60/49) T3 (28/34) Rig (37/70) Inshore Nearshore Up coast Outfall Down coast Within ZID 18m 37m 55-60m 54-56m Fig. 16. Average standard lengths of 600 white croaker (284M:316F) from sampling stations of the County Sanitation Districts of Orange County's ocean monitoring program (1988-1992). prevalence. For example, of all homyhead turbot with eosinophilic foci of cellular alteration were male. On the other hand, of all white croaker with severe hydropic vacuolation were female. The prevalence of severe hydropic vacuolation in liver cells of white croaker from the RIG site () and station TO () is also of interest (Fig. 18). This condition was at one time referred to as "RAM" cells—a term no longer valid because it is non-descriptive. Currently such cells are considered by most authorities to be legitimate biomarkers of environmental contamination (Moore et al. 1989; Hinton 1990; Hinton et al. 1992; Bodammer and Murchelano 1990; Stehr 1990; Stehr et al. 1991; Murchelano and Wolke 1985, 1991). In other fish species, severe hydropic vacuolation occurs as much as 48% in winter flounder from Boston Harbor and 50% in starry flounder from San Francisco Bay's Hunters Point (Johnson et al. 1992; Myers et al. 1993). Recent research conducted by the National Benthic Surveillance Project confirms that severe hydropic vacuolation in white croaker varies according to site: , Castro Creek (40%), Long Beach (35%), Cerritos Channel (25%), San Pedro (20%), and Dana Point (10%). Ac- cording to their findings, risk factors for this condition are sediment and liver tDDT, liver tPCB, liver chlordane and liver dieldrin (Myers et al. 1994). Figure 19 illustrates the overall prevalences of neoplasms and foci of cellular alteration (FCA) at eight sites where the three target species have been sampled since 1986. Because eosinophi
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