. Stoichiometry . 760 mm. We should thus obtain the two fixed points0° C. and 100 C. on the thermometer. By dividing the lineardistance between the two fixed points into 100 equal parts we shouldmark out 100 equal volumes, since the tube is cylindrical, and itis assumed that, making the small correction for the expansion ofthe glass, each of these divisions is exactly one degree.^ If, now, D. Berthelot ( Sur les Thermometres a Gaz, pp. 80-99; Travaux etMem. du Bur. Int. de P. et Mes.) has shown that the maximum error between o i6 SrOICHIOMETRV divisions of the same length were to be marked fro
. Stoichiometry . 760 mm. We should thus obtain the two fixed points0° C. and 100 C. on the thermometer. By dividing the lineardistance between the two fixed points into 100 equal parts we shouldmark out 100 equal volumes, since the tube is cylindrical, and itis assumed that, making the small correction for the expansion ofthe glass, each of these divisions is exactly one degree.^ If, now, D. Berthelot ( Sur les Thermometres a Gaz, pp. 80-99; Travaux etMem. du Bur. Int. de P. et Mes.) has shown that the maximum error between o i6 SrOICHIOMETRV divisions of the same length were to be marked from the zero pointto the bottom of the tube, there would be found to be 273 of them;or the volume corresponding to a single division would be Tri^y of thetotal volume at 0° C. If we call each division a degree, there will be273 degrees on the thermometric scale below 0° C, and the tempera-ture - 273° is called the absolute zero on the Centigrade more rational method of expressing temperature is to start. from the absolute zero instead of the arbitrary zero of the Centigradescale. On this absolute scale of temperature the melting point of icewill be 273°, and the boiling point of water under normal pressurewill be 373°; and, generally, the absolute temperature is obtainedby adding 273 to the Centigrade temperature or T = / + 273. Thus Vt = toCi + «0= vi I + ^o 273273 + i273 273= r r In words, the volume of a gas under constant pressure variesdirectly as the absolute temperature.^ and 100° at 760 mm. pressure is for the air or nitrogen thermometer, ooiS; forthe hydrogen thermometer, gooi°; for CO3, o*i43. The absolute scale of temperature, as derived from the air thermometer,agrees almost exactly with the thermodynamical scale, which is independent ofthe nature of the body considered. The hydrogen and helium show THE PROPERTIES OF GASES 17 The relation between volume and absolute temperature is showngraphically in Fig. 2. The straight lines of equal p
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