The world: historical and actual . and acquired by England. It was duringtins - gn that Spain ceded Louisiana to France. In March, 1808, there was a revolution whichdeposed Charles and raised to the throne Ferdi-nand VII. Both appealed to Xapoleon, who settledthe matter by ordering them both to abdicate, -f CATHOLIC SPAIN. 311 which they did, whereupon he appointed his elderbrother, Joseph Bonaparte, King over Spain. Thisappointment was made June 5th. Joseph enteredMadrid July 12th. The opposi-tion rallied around Ferdinandand drove the amiable Josephout of the capital. ThereuponXapoleon himsel
The world: historical and actual . and acquired by England. It was duringtins - gn that Spain ceded Louisiana to France. In March, 1808, there was a revolution whichdeposed Charles and raised to the throne Ferdi-nand VII. Both appealed to Xapoleon, who settledthe matter by ordering them both to abdicate, -f CATHOLIC SPAIN. 311 which they did, whereupon he appointed his elderbrother, Joseph Bonaparte, King over Spain. Thisappointment was made June 5th. Joseph enteredMadrid July 12th. The opposi-tion rallied around Ferdinandand drove the amiable Josephout of the capital. ThereuponXapoleon himself took thematter in hand. He restoredhis brother in December. Anew element in the conflict ofXapoleon with Europe soon de-veloped itself. The Duke ofWellington came on from In-dia, and coming by way ofPortugal, carried the waragainst Xapoleon into the Span-ish peninsula. The disaffectionof the country rallied aroundWellington, adding materiallvto his strength. Ferdinand wasrestored to the throue in that the Peninsula War. FERDINAXD VTt. It was in the yearbegan. Wellingtonwon a victory at Talavera in 1S09, but for the mostpart was obliged during the fiveyears to fall back upon hisPortuguese base, until the Rus-sian disaster of Xapoleon. Af-ter that. Wellington made rapidprogress in the expulsion of theFrench from Spain. The rreatyof Valencia, by which Xapoleonformallv abandoned all claims to Spain was signed hi Decer ber, 1813. The Cortes promptlyinvited Ferdinand to take thereins of government, and rulein accordance with a constitu-tion which had been formednearly two years previously. The reign of Ferdinand VII.,which really began with theyear 1814, extended until belonged to the Dark Ages,and both disregarded the constitution and persecutedthose who had invited him to the throne. He ruledin accordance, however, with the average publicsentiment of the country. The people were betterpleased with him than they would have been with
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