. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . INFLUENCE OF DETAIL OF MANUFACTURE 349 iron industry, and with a decrease in the iron content of the ore used, involvinga corresponding increase in cost of transportation per unit of iron, there will bean increase in the proportion of fuel which goes to the region producing the I. Lowthian Bell in 1884 stated * that while Wages (in America) arehigh . . the geographical position of the ore and coal and of the marketsthemselves constitute obstacles of a far
. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . INFLUENCE OF DETAIL OF MANUFACTURE 349 iron industry, and with a decrease in the iron content of the ore used, involvinga corresponding increase in cost of transportation per unit of iron, there will bean increase in the proportion of fuel which goes to the region producing the I. Lowthian Bell in 1884 stated * that while Wages (in America) arehigh . . the geographical position of the ore and coal and of the marketsthemselves constitute obstacles of a far more insurmountable description. Thedistances over which ore is conveyed are sometimes very great; as an example,. Fig. 233. — Steamer Augustus B. Wolvin, 560 ft. in length, capacity about 12,000 tons the produce of the Lake Superior mines is carried to Pittsburg, involving car-riage of 790 miles. The cost of transport on the minerals consumed foreach ton of pig iron I have calculated f to average 10s., 9d., at the eight chiefseats of the iron trade in Great Britain; whereas, in the United States the meancharge at fourteen of the large centers is 25 s., 8 d. The introduction of improvedmethods for handling the ore in transport and the deepening of the waterways ofthe Great Lakes J has in a measure overcome the adverse conditions mentionedabove. * Manufacture of Iron and Steel, Bell, London, 1884, p. 473. t Report to Her Majestys Government on Iron Manufacture of the United States comparedwith that of Great Britain. t William Chandler, History of St. Marys Falls Ship Canal, 1877. The Great Lakes and OurCommercial Supremacy, John Foord, North Am. Review, Vol. 167, p. 155. Saint Marys Falls CanalSe
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