. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. AVES. •289 birds according to the researches of Cuvier. the discoverer of this remarkable peculiarity in the anatomy of birds. Table of the number of toe phalanges in Birds. Number of Phalanges in the 'irst or nner- most oe or Calcar. econd, com- nonly called the Hallux. Third. 'ourlh. Fifth'or outer- nost, or little toe. 1 Cock (Gal- lus), Phea- sants (Pha- siantts), Tur- keys, Pea- cocks (Pavo and Lopho- pharus) . 1* 2 3 4 5 2 Raptores, In- sessores, Co- lumbidee, Cra- cidee, Tetrao nidce,and the rest of the class, exc
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. AVES. •289 birds according to the researches of Cuvier. the discoverer of this remarkable peculiarity in the anatomy of birds. Table of the number of toe phalanges in Birds. Number of Phalanges in the 'irst or nner- most oe or Calcar. econd, com- nonly called the Hallux. Third. 'ourlh. Fifth'or outer- nost, or little toe. 1 Cock (Gal- lus), Phea- sants (Pha- siantts), Tur- keys, Pea- cocks (Pavo and Lopho- pharus) . 1* 2 3 4 5 2 Raptores, In- sessores, Co- lumbidee, Cra- cidee, Tetrao nidce,and the rest of the class, excep 2t 3* 4§ 5|| 3 The Genera Rhea, Dro ntaius, Casu arius, Otis Cur soring, Charadrius, Hcematopus Arenaria, Falcinella, Himantopus Halodroma, Diomedea 3 4 5 4 The Ostrich (Struthio) 4 5 end of the preceding phalanx is adapted, con- stituting a ginglymoid articulation. The ulti- mate orungueal phalanges are characterised by their anterior pointed terminations, which cor- respond in form, in some degree, to the nature of the claw. Fig. 132. The above table shows what are the toes which are deficient in those birds that do not possess the ordinary number. The phalanges are expanded at their extre- mities, especially at the posterior ; the articular surfaces are concave at this end, but divided longitudinally by a narrow convex line, to which a corresponding unequal surface at the anterior * This is wanting in the Argus Pheasant; the Pavo bicalcaratus, on the contrary, has two spurs on each metatarsal bone. t In the single genus Ceyx among the Insessores, and Hemipodius among the Rasores, this toe is wanting. In all the rest, with the exception of the Swifts CCypsdus) it is directed backwards. \ In the Dentirostral Insessores this toe is united by one or two phalanges to the fourth. $ According to Cuvier this toe and the fifth in the Swift ( Cypselus} have only three phalanges like the third. In the Goat-suckers (Caprimulyus) and Herons (Ardea) the claw of this toe is provided
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