. Effects of acid rain on soil and water. Acid rain; Soil pollution; Water. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 811 highly siliceous bedrock such as granite because of its high permeability and relatively low capacity to neutral- ize acid when compared with more basic rock. Never- theless, podzol soil formation from freshly exposed unweathered materials is measured in thousands of years. This is because the capacity of the parent material for neutralizing acid is immense relative to the rates of weathering in acid soils. For example, the capacity of parent material at Hubb
. Effects of acid rain on soil and water. Acid rain; Soil pollution; Water. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 811 highly siliceous bedrock such as granite because of its high permeability and relatively low capacity to neutral- ize acid when compared with more basic rock. Never- theless, podzol soil formation from freshly exposed unweathered materials is measured in thousands of years. This is because the capacity of the parent material for neutralizing acid is immense relative to the rates of weathering in acid soils. For example, the capacity of parent material at Hubbard Brook to neutralize acidity (Table 2) is nearly 21,000 times greater than yearly in- puts of acid rain, and 11,000 times greater than the rate of mineral weathering (Figure 2, pathway 3a-d) esti- mated by Driscoll and Likens (1982). Moreover, the alu- minum oxides present in silicate minerals act to neutral- ize acid in water (Figure 2, pathway 3c and Table 2) where pH drops below about 5 and serves as an enor- mous sink against acidification (Johnson, 1982). Al- though preferential flow undoubtedly occurs in soils, so that not all soil has an equal opportunity to react with leachate (Tamm, 1976a; and Voigt, 1980), the time scale of weathering is such that distinctive soil horizons de- Table 2. Relative Acidity.*. Tedrow Figure 4. A Podzol Soil Profile.* Case Keq /ha lb. CaCCyacre Strong acids 1 m pH rain per annum Moderate lime requirement Northeast agricultural soils 45 per annum 90 4,000 Exchange acidity New Hampshire podzol 910 41,000 Weathering rate of newly- developed English sand dunes per annum, m depth 960 43,000 Acid to dissolve bases in m unweathered Hubbard Brook, NH soil Acid to dissolve bases plus Al in m unweathered Hubbard Brook, NH soil 27,230 109,840 1,200,000 4,900,000 Acid to dissolve m of pure CaCo3 soil 179,030 8,000,000 *Swartswood soil developed on the quartzite and sandstone of the Kittatinny Ridge of northern New Jersey.
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