. Diseases of the heart and arterial system : designed to be a practical presentation of the subject for the use of students and practitioners of medicine . line drawn from the thirdleft chondro-sternal articulation upward across the breastbone tothe junction of the right edge of that bone with the second rightcostal cartilage, which, therefore, is sometimes spoken of as theaortic cartilage, because at this point the aortic valve-sounds aremost distinctly heard. The superior vena cava passes downwardalong the right cardiac border from the level of the second costalcartilage to a point opposite
. Diseases of the heart and arterial system : designed to be a practical presentation of the subject for the use of students and practitioners of medicine . line drawn from the thirdleft chondro-sternal articulation upward across the breastbone tothe junction of the right edge of that bone with the second rightcostal cartilage, which, therefore, is sometimes spoken of as theaortic cartilage, because at this point the aortic valve-sounds aremost distinctly heard. The superior vena cava passes downwardalong the right cardiac border from the level of the second costalcartilage to a point opposite the middle of the third right inter-space. The four sets of valves are bunched closely together not farfrom the junction of the third left costal cartilage with the border of the sternum, the pulmonarybeing most superficial, the mi-tral most internal, the tricuspidmost inferior, and the aorticthe most central. They cannot,tV P therefore, be auscultated in theregion of their anatomic seat•-11 if one is to differentiate theirindividual sounds. For thisreason we take advantage ofthe laws governing the conduc-tion of their sounds and aus-certain areas. themafter in the respective Fig. 1.—Cardiac Valve produced at various valves indicated:p, pulmonary : a, aortic; t, tricuspid; m,mitral. curtatenamedvalves. Thus the mitral area issituated at the apex-beat andincludes a limited district im-mediately roundabout. Thetricuspid area includes the lower end of the sternum and a portionof the surrounding region. The pulmonic area is located in thesecond left intercostal space close to the edge of the breastbone,while the aortic area lies in the corresponding situation on theopposite side. It must not be supposed that the valve-sounds andmurmurs are heard only in these situations—they are widelypropagated and blend with one another, and in particular endo-cardial murmurs are often so widely conducted as to be distinctlyaudible in other areas than those to which they prope
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, bookpublishern, booksubjectheart
