. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 51 Feinschmidt 1934, Galster and Morrison 1975, Olsson 1972) and a partial uncoupling of oxydative phosphorylation (Roberts and Chaffee 1972). The last phase of arousal is marked by a decreasing lipolysis and an increasing lipogenesis as well as the rebuilding of the brown fat reserves (Ambid 1971, Joel 1965). The energy for this is derived from carbohydrates. The mito- chondria of different organs swell (Törö and Viragh 1966). The first phase of arousal (to about 15° C Tb) is marked by an increasing muscle tone, but especially by non-shivering therm
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 51 Feinschmidt 1934, Galster and Morrison 1975, Olsson 1972) and a partial uncoupling of oxydative phosphorylation (Roberts and Chaffee 1972). The last phase of arousal is marked by a decreasing lipolysis and an increasing lipogenesis as well as the rebuilding of the brown fat reserves (Ambid 1971, Joel 1965). The energy for this is derived from carbohydrates. The mito- chondria of different organs swell (Törö and Viragh 1966). The first phase of arousal (to about 15° C Tb) is marked by an increasing muscle tone, but especially by non-shivering thermogenesis in the brown fat and other organs. The second phase is characterized by an enormous shivering. The two mechanisms of thermogenesis can be independently suppressed by sympatholytic agents, and by curare, respectively (Hayward 1971, Heldmaier 1969, Jansky 1973, Joel 1965, Lyman 1965, Mejsnar and Jansky 1970, Smith and Horwitz 1969). The rewarming process lasts 1—4 hours, but it also depends upon the Ta and the initial Tb. In the echidna, which lacks brown fat, arousal lasts about 20 hours (Allison and Twyver. Fig. 30: The increase in body temperature during arousal from torpor in birds (Ta 21°—23° C). Adapted from Lasiewski et al. (1967). 1 = Archilochus alexandri (4g)( 2 = Eugenes fulgens (6,8 g), 3 = Lampornis clemenciae (8,5 g), 4 = Patagona gigas (21 g), 5 = Phalaenoptilus nuttallii (40 g). 1972). Bats possess very different thermoregulatory capacities during arousal (Kulzer et al. 1970). Generally, the time of rewarming in smaller species of mammals and birds is shorter than in larger animals (Kulzer 1965, Pearson 1960). Thermoreceptors: It has been known for a long time that hibernators during torpor react with autonomic reflexes to cold. As in other mammals, these reflexes are elicited especially by stimulation of the head and less. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability -
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodiversity, booksubjectzoology
