. A comparison of methods of least squares adjustment of Oceanography. Figure 2-3 Horizontal Angle. C. DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS There are several methods of determining distance, the choice of which depends on the accuracy required and the cost. For example, tacheometry, taping, and equipment can be used. The general availability of EDM equipment has practically eliminated the use of taping for the measurement of traverse lengths. Accuracies are comparable, or superior, to those obtained with invar tapes. Distances measured using EDM equipment are subject to errors arising from t
. A comparison of methods of least squares adjustment of Oceanography. Figure 2-3 Horizontal Angle. C. DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS There are several methods of determining distance, the choice of which depends on the accuracy required and the cost. For example, tacheometry, taping, and equipment can be used. The general availability of EDM equipment has practically eliminated the use of taping for the measurement of traverse lengths. Accuracies are comparable, or superior, to those obtained with invar tapes. Distances measured using EDM equipment are subject to errors arising from the instrumental components, calibration of the equipment, inaccuracies in the meteorological data, elevation discrepancies, and centering of the instruments or reflectors. The reduction of measured distances involves converting the slope distance to a horizontal distance, converting the chord distance to an equivalent arc distance, and reducing the arc distance to the ellipsoid. The reduc- tion of slope distance to horizontal distance is necessary to compensate for the difference in elevation of the end points of the measured line. The horizontal distance is 15. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Aumchantr, Saman. Monterey, California: U. S. Naval Postgraduate School
Size: 2314px × 1080px
Photo credit: © The Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionamerican, booksubjectoceanography
