. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 608 ABNORMAL CONDITIONS OF THE SHOULDER JOINT. parts, executed upon the spot, by a distin- guished artist. On removing the integuments of the axilla, the cellular membrane, which was extensively ecchymosed, formed a kind of cap, closely embracing the head of the os humeri, which, when the axilla was cleared, was seen lodged on the inferior costa of the scapula, or rather, on its neck ; the head of the bone, in escaping from its socket, had pushed the teres minor downwards, and burst through the lower part of the subscapu
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 608 ABNORMAL CONDITIONS OF THE SHOULDER JOINT. parts, executed upon the spot, by a distin- guished artist. On removing the integuments of the axilla, the cellular membrane, which was extensively ecchymosed, formed a kind of cap, closely embracing the head of the os humeri, which, when the axilla was cleared, was seen lodged on the inferior costa of the scapula, or rather, on its neck ; the head of the bone, in escaping from its socket, had pushed the teres minor downwards, and burst through the lower part of the subscapularis muscle, some of the fibres of which closely embraced the neck of the bone, while the bulk of the us- cle was pushed upwards, and detached from the inner surface of the scapula (Jig. 434-.). Fig. Axillary dislocation; recent case. (After Sir P. Crampton.) The neck of the humerus, therefore, was in some degree embraced by the divided fibres of the subscapularis muscle, while a portion of its head rested on the neck and part of the venter of the scapula, without the interven- tion of any muscular substance. The short head of the biceps, and the coraco-brachialis, were forced to describe a curve outwards, over the neck of the humerus on the sternal side, while the long head of the triceps crossed the neck of the bone obliquely on the dorsal side ; this strangulation of the head of the bone, by the surrounding muscles, was made most apparent when extension was applied to the fore-arm. The biceps and triceps seemed then to close behind the head of the bone, and interpose themselves between it. and the glenoid cavity ; the tendon of the long head of the biceps remained in its groove, but the sheath in which it runs was partially ripped up. The capsular ligament was com- pletely torn from the lower part of the neck of the humerus, to the extent of more than half its circumference, the torn edge appear- ing like a crest over the head of the bone. The great nerves and blood
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