. Official proceedings . ^^U< m o i a-^ o g r bi) to 96 Proceedings Railway Club of Tunnels, Particularly Subaqueous. 97 City and Loni^ Island, is the greatest piece of subaqueous tunnelconstruction ever attempted. The length of the work and dif-ferent conditions naturally to be expected required careful con-sideration in the design of the tunnel shields, air chambers, contractors for the North River Tunnels were the ORourkeEngineering Constructing Company, and for the East RiverTunnels S. Pearson & Sons, Inc. The latter contractors had builtthe Blackwall Tunnel in Lond

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. Official proceedings . ^^U< m o i a-^ o g r bi) to 96 Proceedings Railway Club of Tunnels, Particularly Subaqueous. 97 City and Loni^ Island, is the greatest piece of subaqueous tunnelconstruction ever attempted. The length of the work and dif-ferent conditions naturally to be expected required careful con-sideration in the design of the tunnel shields, air chambers, contractors for the North River Tunnels were the ORourkeEngineering Constructing Company, and for the East RiverTunnels S. Pearson & Sons, Inc. The latter contractors had builtthe Blackwall Tunnel in London by the use of a shield patternedafter the design of Sir Benjamin Bakers. The Chief Engineeron the North River Tunnels was ]\Ir. Charles ]\I. Jacobs, who hadbeen Chief Engineer of the old Hudson River Tunnel and also ofthe other tunnels projected and built under the Hudson forms of the shields used in the North River Tunnels, there-fore, varied somewhat from those used by Pearson in the EastRiver Tunnels. The essential features, however, were, of course,the same. The Figs. 11 an

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