. Elements of practical agriculture; comprehending the cultivation of plants, the husbandry of the domestic animals, and the economy of the farm. 164 PREPARATION OF LAND FOR CROPS. ter, so that the soil may receive the influence of the winter- frosts, and the growth of weeds be checked; for certain weeds will grow during the months of autumn, and partially in winter and in early spring; but by inverting the surface, and expos- ing the roots of those plants, and the under part of the sod, to the frost, the vegetation is checked until the process of plough- ing can be resumed in the following sp
. Elements of practical agriculture; comprehending the cultivation of plants, the husbandry of the domestic animals, and the economy of the farm. 164 PREPARATION OF LAND FOR CROPS. ter, so that the soil may receive the influence of the winter- frosts, and the growth of weeds be checked; for certain weeds will grow during the months of autumn, and partially in winter and in early spring; but by inverting the surface, and expos- ing the roots of those plants, and the under part of the sod, to the frost, the vegetation is checked until the process of plough- ing can be resumed in the following spring. In all cases the first ploughing should be as deep as the plough can conveniently be made to go. A good plough with a pair of horses can easily plough from eight to nine inches deep, and this is in most cases an efficient tillage. But, should the nature of the soil render it necessary, an additional force of draught must be employed, so that the requisite depth of fur- row may be given. Thus, in some of the marly and tenacious soils of England, four horses may be occasionally required to give sufficient depth to the first ploughing of fallow. Three horses may be also used ; these, with a good plough, forming an efficient team, which may be managed by one ploughman. Often it is beneficial to give a deeper ploughing to land than the ordinary depth of furrow. This may be effected by what is termed trench-ploughing, on which one plough, deprived of its mould-board, follows in the track of another; but, in place of the latter, there has been recently employed a species of plough termed a subsoil-plough. It is constructed wholly of iron, weighs about 4 cwt., and requires the active force of four horses. It has a stout share, but no mould-board. Eising from the share and parallel to the body of the plough, is a fiat piece of iron D, the use of which is, that when the plough is struck by stones they may be forced upwards by means of Fig. Please note that these images are ext
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