Archive image from page 492 of The cyclopædia of anatomy and. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology cyclopdiaofana01todd Year: 1836 CARNIVORA. 477 Fig. 196. Fig. 197. The metutarsal bones (Jig. 196,107, 198, d) are generally five. In the cats and the dogs, indeed, the inner one is merely rudimentary, a defect which is perfectly consonant with the absence of a posterior thumb in these two genera. Those of the seal tribe are remark- ably long and slender. The first is the longest, the fifth the next, then the second, the fourth, and the middle one which is the shortest. The toes consist o
Archive image from page 492 of The cyclopædia of anatomy and. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology cyclopdiaofana01todd Year: 1836 CARNIVORA. 477 Fig. 196. Fig. 197. The metutarsal bones (Jig. 196,107, 198, d) are generally five. In the cats and the dogs, indeed, the inner one is merely rudimentary, a defect which is perfectly consonant with the absence of a posterior thumb in these two genera. Those of the seal tribe are remark- ably long and slender. The first is the longest, the fifth the next, then the second, the fourth, and the middle one which is the shortest. The toes consist of three phalanges (Jig. 196, 197, 198, a, b, c,) and in most genera there are five toes; the bears and other plantigrades having the inner toe or thumb in the same range as the others; in the mustelida it is a little smaller, and in the cats and dogs it is wholly wanting. The toes in the seal tribe are developed to considerable length, and being much extended, and covered with an entire skin which extends from one to the other, a very perfect finlike paddle is thus furnished. The types, then, of the three different varie- ties of progression are here distinctly shewn. In the foot of the bear (jig. 197) we find that every thing in its formation is made subser- vient to the action of walking; the heel, the tarsal and the metatarsal bones, and the pha- langes all rest upon the ground, and these bones are elongated for that purpose. In the Lion (Jig. 196) the last phalanges only rest on the ground, the heel being drawn upwards, and the whole of the foot, excepting that small portion which is applied to the ground, is thus made an additional lever for the increase of the animal's powers of leaping and bounding in its course. In this form the limb consists of three joints (the pelvis being the fixed point) moveable in alternately different directions, capable of being all approximated to each other, and then suddenly and simultaneously extended with prodigious force. In the third t
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