. Pompeii : its life and art . to have beenderived from the Etruscans, was apparently the native Italicform. Two heavy girders were placed across the room, abovethe ends of the impluvium (Fig. ni, b). On these, two shortercrossbeams were laid (c), over the sides of the impluvium. Thecorners of the rectangular frame thus made were connectedwith the wallsat the corners of the atrium by four strong slant-ing beams (Figs. 112, 113, e). On these and on the frame wereplaced the lower ends of thesloping rafters (Fig. 112, /), carrying the tiles, the arrange-ment of which can be seen inFigs. 109, 112,
. Pompeii : its life and art . to have beenderived from the Etruscans, was apparently the native Italicform. Two heavy girders were placed across the room, abovethe ends of the impluvium (Fig. ni, b). On these, two shortercrossbeams were laid (c), over the sides of the impluvium. Thecorners of the rectangular frame thus made were connectedwith the wallsat the corners of the atrium by four strong slant-ing beams (Figs. 112, 113, e). On these and on the frame wereplaced the lower ends of thesloping rafters (Fig. 112, /), carrying the tiles, the arrange-ment of which can be seen inFigs. 109, 112, and 113. Thiswas the most common arrange-ment of the roof at Pompeii. The edge of the compluviumwas frequently ornamented withterra cotta waterspouts, repre-senting the heads of a house near the Porta Marinathe projecting foreparts of dogsand lions were used in place ofthe heads ; the remains of a partof the compluvium have beenput together again, and are seenin Fig. 114. The lions wereplaced over the larger spouts. Fig. 112. — A Tuscan atrium : plan of the ;?, a. Side walls. b. One of the two girders supporting the roof. c. Crossbeam, resting on the two Short beam of the thickness of c. e. Corner beam. f. Rafters, sloping toward the inside. g. Compluvium. 1. Flat tiles, tegulae. 2. Semicylindrical tiles for covering the joints, imbrices. 3. Gutter tiles. at the four corners; the underside of the spouts surmounted by the dogs and lions was orna-mented with acanthus leaves in relief. The same illustrationpresents an example of the antefixes sometimes found. The tetrastyle atrium differed from the Tuscan in only onerespect: there were four columns supporting the roof, one ateach corner of the impluvium. In most cases these supports,which interfered with the view of the interior, can hardly havebeen intended primarily for ornament; they simplified the con-struction, making the ceiling and roof firm without the use oithe heavy and expensive girders
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookpublishernewyorkmacmillan
