. The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 4); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church . y popes. In thethird form the top consisted of decuxaiitd, or Greek T, thearms of the cross being often sotwisted as to represent two ser-pents opposed. This, known asthe crocia, was borne by abbotsand bishops of the Eastern original material was generally cypress-wood,often cased or inlaid with gold or silver. Later onthe staffs were made of soliil i\-ory, gold, siher,and enamelled metal. From the many specimenspreserved in c
. The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 4); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church . y popes. In thethird form the top consisted of decuxaiitd, or Greek T, thearms of the cross being often sotwisted as to represent two ser-pents opposed. This, known asthe crocia, was borne by abbotsand bishops of the Eastern original material was generally cypress-wood,often cased or inlaid with gold or silver. Later onthe staffs were made of soliil i\-ory, gold, siher,and enamelled metal. From the many specimenspreserved in churches as well as from the representa-tions in old sculptures, paintings, and miniatures,some itlea may be formed of the artistic developmentof the staff and of the perfection it attained. In the< thedral of Bruges is preserved the crosier of , a bishop of the sixth century. The staff con-sists of several pieces of i\ory jointed together bytwelve copper strips; but the volute is modern{Reusens, Elem. d arch, chret., I, 504). The eleventhand twelfth centuries witness an elaborate display fmost exquisite ornamentation bestowed on the head. Crohikk of -w .Vb- BOT—Cellini (Abbey of Monte Cassino, Italy) of the staff. The volute often terminated in a dragonimpaled by a cross, or in some other allegorical figure,whilst a wealth of floral decoration fUled up the the thirteenth century the spaces between thespirals of the crocketed volute were filled with reli-gious subjects, statues of saints, and scenes from theanimal and vegetable kingdoms, while in those of theGothic form the knob was set in precious stones andembellished with a wreath of allegorical ornamenta-tion. Quite a number of these rich and valuableefforts of artistic skill have come down to us, and oneor more may be seen in almost every old cathedral ofEngland and the Continent. Oxford possesses threevery old and interesting patterns, that preserved atNew College having belonged to William of Wykeham.
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