. A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians . acute and ALVEOLAR EPITHELIUM. 613 chronic bronchitis and in phthisis. Their presence in the sputum incases of phthisis is considered by Teichrnuller to be of favorable import. Red Blood-corpuscles. These are to be found in most sputa, but theymay be so few as not to give a red color. The source is often high up inthe respiratory tract. When they are present in large numbers, thesputum is more or less tinged, and in haemoptysis it is almost whollymade up of red cells. Usually each cell is well preserved, but theymay appe
. A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians . acute and ALVEOLAR EPITHELIUM. 613 chronic bronchitis and in phthisis. Their presence in the sputum incases of phthisis is considered by Teichrnuller to be of favorable import. Red Blood-corpuscles. These are to be found in most sputa, but theymay be so few as not to give a red color. The source is often high up inthe respiratory tract. When they are present in large numbers, thesputum is more or less tinged, and in haemoptysis it is almost whollymade up of red cells. Usually each cell is well preserved, but theymay appear as pale bodies or as rings, the pigment remaining in thesputum as pigment-particles or as crystals of hsematoidin, as in pneu-monia. Epithelium. Two general varieties of epithelium are found in thesputum—squamous and cylindrical. The former comes from the mucousmembrane of the mouth, the tongue, the tonsils, the true vocal cords, andperhaps from the salivary and the small bronchial glands. Squamousepithelium is of no clinical importance. (See Fig. 216.) Fig. Various objects from sputum : 1, squamous epithelium; 2, red blood-corpuscles ; 3, polynuelearleucocytes; 4, alveolar cells ; 5, myelin-cells; 6, pigment-cells; 7, elastic tissue fibres; 8, squamouscells; 9, hsematoidin crystals; 10, phosphate crystals ; 11, fungi; 12, fat-globules; 13, free pigment.(Original observation.) Cylindrical cells in sputum are rarely perfect. It is uncommonto find the cilia intact, and still more so to see them in motion, while thebody of the cells is likely to be changed. They are found in inflamma-tions of the trachea and bronchi, or of the posterior nasal fossa, a localitywhere, it must be remembered, ciliated epithelium exists. Alveolae epithelium, so called, when found in the sputum, ismore important than the above, as different observers consider its pres-ence to have more or less clinical significance. The cells are elliptical orround, somewhat larger than white corpuscles, with
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