. Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. paraphysis velum tronsversum habenular commissure palliol commissure parietal organ parietal nerve saccus dorsalis chorioid plexus entering foramen of Monroe^ cerebrum anterior commissure olfactory medulla oblongata trochlear cftiosma pars nervosa of pituitary ^\\ anterior lobe Figure 13-4. Medial view of the right half of the brain of tocerto vivipora, (After von Kupffer) covering most of the surface of the cerebrum of the mam- mal is only a dorsolateral band in the reptile (Figure 13-5). The archipallium (hippocampal cortex) cover
. Chordate morphology. Morphology (Animals); Chordata. paraphysis velum tronsversum habenular commissure palliol commissure parietal organ parietal nerve saccus dorsalis chorioid plexus entering foramen of Monroe^ cerebrum anterior commissure olfactory medulla oblongata trochlear cftiosma pars nervosa of pituitary ^\\ anterior lobe Figure 13-4. Medial view of the right half of the brain of tocerto vivipora, (After von Kupffer) covering most of the surface of the cerebrum of the mam- mal is only a dorsolateral band in the reptile (Figure 13-5). The archipallium (hippocampal cortex) covers the dorsal and medial aspects, while ventrolaterally there is an exten- sive paleopallium (olfactory area). The pallial commissure is not developed as a corpus callosum. The cerebral lobes are proportionally smaller than in the mammal and the ol- factory bulbs project anteriorly from them. From the extreme posterior part of the roof of the telen- cephalon, a chorioid invagination occurs which enters the cerebral ventricles and a preparaphysis extends upward; behind this is a hippocampal commissure in the velum trans- versum. Behind the velum is an irregularly digitated dorsal sac, a parietal (parapineal) eye on a long stalk, and a pineal evagination (epiphysis). The pineal structure is sometimes partly glandular. Both parietal and pineal organs are lacking in the crocodilian but a dorsal sac is present; only a well-developed pineal is present in the bird. In some lizards and Sphenodon the parietal organ is developed as a light sensitive "; There are clear lens cells above, and below are sensory cells which connect through ganglion cells with cells of an external ganglion. The fibers of the external ganglion form a parietal nerve which extends down to the left habenular ganglion. The parietal eye is enclosed ventrally by pigment cells and lies in the parietal foramen of the skull, close beneath translucent scales of the skin. In early fossil reptiles the skull ha
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