Young folks' history of the United States . ousand ofthe New England clergy petitioned Congress against it;but it was finally passed. May 30, 1854. As this law left it to the settlers to decide upon theirinstitutions, it was considered important both by thefriends and the opponents of slavery to encourage emi-gration to the new Territories. Parties were thereforeorganized for this purpose in various parts of the Union. BORDER RUFFIANISM. 283 Those from the free States generally went as permanentsettlers, with their families; but many went in from theslave States, merely to take part in the dis
Young folks' history of the United States . ousand ofthe New England clergy petitioned Congress against it;but it was finally passed. May 30, 1854. As this law left it to the settlers to decide upon theirinstitutions, it was considered important both by thefriends and the opponents of slavery to encourage emi-gration to the new Territories. Parties were thereforeorganized for this purpose in various parts of the Union. BORDER RUFFIANISM. 283 Those from the free States generally went as permanentsettlers, with their families; but many went in from theslave States, merely to take part in the disturbances,and aid in establishing slavery. This was especially The borderthe case with a class of Missourians, who could at anytime cross the Kansas border, commit depredations,vote at elections, and then retreat across the border,undisturbed. These invaders were commonly called Border Ruffians. At one time they stopped the navi-gation of the Missouri River for all free State settlers,compelling all these to take a tedious overland journey. EMIGRANTS CROSSING THE PLAINS. through Iowa. The United States officials supported,sometimes the one party, and sometimes the other,finally inclining towards the slaveholders ; while gov-ernor after governor were sent from Washington, andresigned in despair. Two separate governments wereorganized by the settlers, and two separate codes of The strug -I •- gle in law adopted. Actual fighting began at last. The Kansas,free State military leaders — Lane, Montgomery, andothers — organized bands to defend their settlements ;and Capt. John Brown took an especially daring partin the defence. At Ossawattomie, for instance, hedefended himself, with sixteen men, against several 284 YOUNG FOLKS UNITED STATES. The Gads-denpurchase. Treaty ofJapaH. hundred marauders from Missouri; his Httle bandkilling and wounding more than four times their ownnumber, and losing but two men. The same invaderssacked and burned the flourishing village of Lawrence,lat
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