. Bird populations in logged and unlogged western larch/douglas-fir forest in northwestern Montana. Bird populations Montana; Logging Montana; Birds Effect of logging on Montana. foragers, such as yellow-rumped warbler and western tanager. Therefore, we reiterate the re- commendation of McClelland and Frissell (1975) to leave, wherever possible, all snags and nonmer- chantable timber including paper birch, quaking aspen, and black cotton wood within cutting units. Additionally, we have observed a variety of species of birds, including winter wren, Townsend's solitaire, and dark-eyed junco, usi
. Bird populations in logged and unlogged western larch/douglas-fir forest in northwestern Montana. Bird populations Montana; Logging Montana; Birds Effect of logging on Montana. foragers, such as yellow-rumped warbler and western tanager. Therefore, we reiterate the re- commendation of McClelland and Frissell (1975) to leave, wherever possible, all snags and nonmer- chantable timber including paper birch, quaking aspen, and black cotton wood within cutting units. Additionally, we have observed a variety of species of birds, including winter wren, Townsend's solitaire, and dark-eyed junco, using unbumed slash piles as perches, food sources, or nest sites (figs. 5 and 6). These piles may contribute substantially to the quality of postharvest habitat for certain bird and small mammal species. Further study is re- quired to establish the importance of this potential resource; nonetheless, measures should be taken to retain some slash piles during and after site treatments. It is beyond the scope and intention of this study to provide quantitative recommendations regarding the optimum number of snags, trees, or slash piles to maintain the integrity of western larch/Douglas- fir bird communities when harvesting timber. Research in progress (Tobalske and others 1990) suggests that harvests that mimic naturally occur- ring habitat, such as an open, wooded meadow, may be appropriate Figure 5—Juvenile winter wrens perched on a branch within a slash pile on the Terrace Hill sale area. Slash piles may provide important cover for several bird species in clearcut and partial-cut Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Tobalske, Bret W; Shearer, Raymond C; Hutto, Richard L. (Richard Lee), 1948-; Intermountain Research Station (Ogden, Utah). [Ogden, Utah] : U. S. Dept. of Agriculture
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