. California apples situation and outlook, 1949. Apples; Apple industry. CRUSHED Only a small proportion of California's production has gone to crushing. Proportion crushed will not change much if drying continues to bring better average prices. Apples for cider, juice, vinegar, brandy, and the more recent "liquid apple" are classified as crushed. During 1942-1947 about 13% of the Gravensteins and 11% of the other varieties were crushed. Per- centage of Gravensteins crushed has shown a gradual increase over the years, while other varieties as a class have shown no definite trend. Cid
. California apples situation and outlook, 1949. Apples; Apple industry. CRUSHED Only a small proportion of California's production has gone to crushing. Proportion crushed will not change much if drying continues to bring better average prices. Apples for cider, juice, vinegar, brandy, and the more recent "liquid apple" are classified as crushed. During 1942-1947 about 13% of the Gravensteins and 11% of the other varieties were crushed. Per- centage of Gravensteins crushed has shown a gradual increase over the years, while other varieties as a class have shown no definite trend. Cider and juice apples are usually of better quality than vinegar apples but of lower quality than those used for "liquid ; This product requires apples free from worms, aphis and other insects. In the Watsonville and Sebastopol districts crushing affords an outlet for sizes which are too small either for fresh market or drying. For apples which cannot be sold for fresh use crushing is the only outlet in many foothill districts of the state where drying facilities are not available. Grower prices for crushing are related to quality, the highest prices being paid for apples used for "liquid ; Cider manufacturers have at times paid a pre- mium for certain varieties. Although some crushing apples have returned grow- ers the equivalent of driers' prices and even better, crushing prices have gen- erally averaged lower over the years. V Prices \r -v-'. California apple prices have averaged lower than U. S. averages. Prices were relatively low until the war, rose sharply 1941—1945, then dropped sharply from peak. Gravenstein prices show greatest yearly fluctuations. Future prices will depend on consumer income and com- petition; are likely to average below wartime levels. CALIFORNIA AND U. S. PRICES COMPARED Growers in California have generally received lower prices for their apples than the average for all growers in the U. S. (table 10, next page). Two
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