. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. Insect Study 359. Leaflets of locust, fastened together to make a nest by the caterpillar of a butterfly. LESSON LXXVIII The Leaf-rollers Leading thought—There are many kinds of insects which roll the leaves of trees and plants into tents, in which they dwell and feed during their early stages. Method—This is an excellent lesson for early autumn when the pupils may find many of these rolled leaves, which they may bring to the school- room, and which will give material for the lesson.


. Handbook of nature-study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell nature-study leaflets. Nature study. Insect Study 359. Leaflets of locust, fastened together to make a nest by the caterpillar of a butterfly. LESSON LXXVIII The Leaf-rollers Leading thought—There are many kinds of insects which roll the leaves of trees and plants into tents, in which they dwell and feed during their early stages. Method—This is an excellent lesson for early autumn when the pupils may find many of these rolled leaves, which they may bring to the school- room, and which will give material for the lesson. The rolls are found plentifully on sumac, basswood and witch-hazel. Observations—i. What is the name of the trees and shrubs from which these rolled leaves which you have collected were taken? 2. Are more than one leaf or leaflet used in making the roll? 3. Is the leaf rolled crosswise or lengthwise? How large is the tube thus made? 4. Is the nest in the shape of a tube, or are several leaves fastened together, making a box-shaped nest*? 5. How is the roll made fast? Examine the little silken ropes with a lens and describe one of them. Is it wider where it is attached to the leaf than at the middle? Why? 6. How many of these tent ropes are there which make fast the roll? Unroll a leaf carefully and see if you can find signs of the tent ropes that fastened the roll tqgether when it was smaller. Can you find where it began? 7. As you unroll the leaves what do you see at the center? Has the leaf been eaten? Can you discover the reason why the caterpillar made this roll? 8. How do you think a caterpillar manages to roll a leaf so success- fully? Where is the spinning gland of a caterpillar? How does the insect act when spinning threads back and forth when rolling the leaf? What sort of insect does the caterpillar which rolls the leaf change into? Do you suppose that the same kind of caterpillars makes the rolls on two different species of trees? 9. In July or early August get


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