. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. Geology; Geology -- United States. 32 PROCEEDINGS OF WASHINGTON MEETING. The next paper was entitled : STUDIES IN PROBLEMATIC ORGANISMS—THE GENUS SCOLITHVS. BY JOSEPH F. JAMES, M. S., F. G. S. A., ETC. In 1840 Professor S. S. Haldemann described a fossil occurring in a sandstone of southeastern Pennsylvania as follows:* "Fucoides (?) linearis: Stem simple (never branched), rectilinear, surface nearly even; diameter % to % inch, length several feet, cylindrical or compressed. Locality, south of Reading and north of Columbia, Pennsylvania, be
. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. Geology; Geology -- United States. 32 PROCEEDINGS OF WASHINGTON MEETING. The next paper was entitled : STUDIES IN PROBLEMATIC ORGANISMS—THE GENUS SCOLITHVS. BY JOSEPH F. JAMES, M. S., F. G. S. A., ETC. In 1840 Professor S. S. Haldemann described a fossil occurring in a sandstone of southeastern Pennsylvania as follows:* "Fucoides (?) linearis: Stem simple (never branched), rectilinear, surface nearly even; diameter % to % inch, length several feet, cylindrical or compressed. Locality, south of Reading and north of Columbia, Pennsylvania, being the oldest fossil in the state, occurring in the tirst stratified rock above the gneiss. 06s.: I discovered this fossil in 1835, and described it about three years ago as Skoliihos linearis, and because the genus Fucoides is composed of heterogeneous materials. The characters of t\te sub-genus Skolithos are: Stem free, cylindric or sub-cylindric, vermiform or linear, never branched; structure ; This is the first introduction of the name Scolithus into geological literature, although forms now recognized as belonging to the genus had been previously mentioned. In 1833 Professor Edward Hitchcock noticed a fossil supposed by him to be a fucoid occurring in the New Red sandstone (Triassic) of Deerfield and Green- field, Massachusetts. He described it f as varying from j'^ to 1 inch in diameter, running through the rock either in the direction of the lamina?, when it is more or less compressed ; or at right angles or obliquely to the laminae, when it is cylindri- cal. It is frequently curved but never branched. A specimen broken transversely showed the cylinder to be made up of convex layers of sandstone, piled one upon the other (figure 1). On one side of the rock were button- like protuberances and on the other side corresponding cavities. It was supposed to resemble Fucoides brong- niarti, Harlan, but no name was applied to it. In the second edition of the Geol
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