. The Pan-American geologist. ainly phenom-enal ; and yet I maintain that a rational explanation of any ofits individual layers, from and including underbedto topmostmember, has y^et to be found. About all that can with safetybe said about it is that, everything being horizontally strati-fied, every part of it was most likely accumulated underwater. I have therefore come to the conclusion that this coalbed is the accumulated remains on the bottom of a lake or•sea of vegetable growth of aquatic forms \ (though much of itdid not necessarily grow in the water) living afloat and dyingand decaying,
. The Pan-American geologist. ainly phenom-enal ; and yet I maintain that a rational explanation of any ofits individual layers, from and including underbedto topmostmember, has y^et to be found. About all that can with safetybe said about it is that, everything being horizontally strati-fied, every part of it was most likely accumulated underwater. I have therefore come to the conclusion that this coalbed is the accumulated remains on the bottom of a lake or•sea of vegetable growth of aquatic forms \ (though much of itdid not necessarily grow in the water) living afloat and dyingand decaying, falling through the I do not recollect *The only fragmenl at all resembling Stigmaria I have seen or heardof frum the Pittsburg horizon was one found l>\ myself near , on a bit of a shale hinder in lsni. (•Vegetation of such character as thrived in luxurianl profusion uponthe surface of the water. [See Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. of London for August, 1894. The American Geologist. Vol. XIV, Plate MAP OF EUREKA SPRINGS AND VICINITY, ARKANSAS. Showing the influence of stratigraphy on the emergence of springs. A,Lower Carboniferous chert; B, Shale and sandstone horizon for springs. C,.Silurian limestone, chert, etc. Scale -2 inches to a mile. Springs: The Influence of Stratigraphy.—Hopkins. 365 having observed anything in this coal bed or in the strata im-mediately below and above it that could be regarded as evi-dence against the idea just stated. The absence of StigmaricB,of erect tree stumps with root processes attached, and of ir-regularities of stratification ; and the presence of numerousremains of a rich aquatic fauna in places and at more thanone horizon in the seam;* with, here and there, areas of lime-stone where the draw-slate occurs (in which slate I haveseen a traveled boulder of hard yellow limestone)—all thesefacts can only be explained by an aqueous origin for thiscoal. SPRINGS: THE INFLUENCE OF STRATIGRAPHY ON THEIR EMERGENCE, AS
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