Text-book of hygiene; a comprehensive treatise on the principles and practice of preventive medicine from an American stand-point . Fig. 18.—The A. G. M. Closet. HOUSE-DRAINAGE. 209 by a sudden discharge of water, and, on closing the outlet with theplunger, the bowl is again partly filled with water. An overflowattachment prevents accumulation of too large a quantity of water inthe bowl. This overflow, however, sometimes becomes very foul andobjectionable. The Jennings, Demarest, and Hygeia are types of thisclass. The principal objection is that the plunger sometimes fails toproperly close the
Text-book of hygiene; a comprehensive treatise on the principles and practice of preventive medicine from an American stand-point . Fig. 18.—The A. G. M. Closet. HOUSE-DRAINAGE. 209 by a sudden discharge of water, and, on closing the outlet with theplunger, the bowl is again partly filled with water. An overflowattachment prevents accumulation of too large a quantity of water inthe bowl. This overflow, however, sometimes becomes very foul andobjectionable. The Jennings, Demarest, and Hygeia are types of thisclass. The principal objection is that the plunger sometimes fails toproperly close the outlet, allowing the water to drain out of thebowl, and thus destroying one of its principal advantages. The me-chanism is also somewhat complicated and likely to get out of Fig. 19.—Sectional View of A. G. M. Closet. The hopper-closet consists of a deep earthenware or enamelediron bowl, with a water seal trap directly underneath. The excretaare received directly into the proximal end of the trap, and whenthe water is turned on the sides of the bowl are washed clean andeverything in the bowl and trap swept directly into the is no complicated mechanism to get out of order, the trap isalways in sight, and the entire apparatus can always be kept cleanand inoffensive, as there are no hidden corners or angles for filthto lodge. This form of closet is, all things considered, one of thebest for general use. 14 210 TEXT-BOOK OF HYGIENE. The wash-out closets are of various shapes, some having thetrap in the bowl itself, others having a double water-trap. They aregenerally simple in construction, and not likely to get out of do not present any decided advantages over the simple hopper,although at the present time they are more used than
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